JEE Advance - Physics (2018 - Paper 2 Offline - No. 12)

In a photoelectric experiment a parallel beam of monochromatic light with power of $$200$$ $$W$$ is incident on a perfectly absorbing cathode of work function $$6.25$$ $$ev.$$ The frequency of light is just above the threshold frequency so that the photoelectrons are emitted with negligible kinetic energy. Assume that the photoelectron emission efficiency is $$100\% $$. A potential difference of $$500$$ $$V$$ is applied between the cathode and the anode. All the emitted electrons are incident normally on the anode and are absorbed. The anode experiences a force $$F = n \times {10^{ - 4}}$$ $$N$$ due to the impact of the electrons. The value of $$n$$ is ______________. Mass of the electron $${M_e} = 9 \times {10^{ - 31}}\,kg$$ and $$1.0eV = 1.6 \times {10^{ - 19}}\,J.$$
Answer
24

Explanation

The frequency of incident light is just above the threshold frequency. Hence, the energy of each photon is equal to the work function (Ep = $$\phi$$ = 6.25 eV) and the kinetic energy of emitted photo-electron is zero (Ke0 = 0). The energy incident per second on the cathode is incident power P = 200 W. Thus, number of photons incident per second is

Np = P/Ep = P/$$\phi$$.

The photo-electron emission efficiency is 100%. Thus, number of photo-electron emitted per second is equal to the number of photons incident per second i.e., Ne = Np. These photo-electrons are accelerated by a potential difference V = 500 V. Thus, gain in potential energy of each photo-electron is $$\Delta$$U = eV = 500 eV. By conservation of energy, kinetic energy of the photo-electron when it reaches the anode is

Ke = Ke0 + $$\Delta$$U = 500 eV.

The linear momentum of photo-electron of mass me and kinetic energy Ke is given by

$${p_e} = \sqrt {2{m_e}{K_e}} $$.

The photo-electron transfer its entire linear momentum to the anode (absorbed by the anode). Thus, gain in linear momentum of the anode by absorbing one photo-electron is

$$\Delta$$pa = pe.

The force on the anode is equal to the increase in its linear momentum per second. Since Ne photo-electrons strikes the anode per second, the force acting on the anode is given by

$${F_a} = {N_e}\Delta {p_a} = {N_e}{p_e}$$ ($$\because$$ $$\Delta {p_a} = {p_e}$$)

$$ = {N_p}{p_e} = (P/\phi ){p_e}$$ ($$\because$$ $${N_e} = {N_p} = P/\phi $$)

$$ = (P/\phi )\sqrt {2{m_e}{K_e}} $$ ($$\because$$ $${p_e} = \sqrt {2{m_e}{K_e}} $$)

$$ = (P/\phi )\sqrt {2{m_e}eV} $$ ($$\because$$ $${K_e} = eV$$

$$ = 2.4 \times {10^{ - 4}}N$$.

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