JEE Advance - Physics (1994 - No. 3)
Explanation
To find the amplitude of oscillation, let's start by considering the given data and the formulae related to simple harmonic motion (SHM).
The total mechanical energy of a system in SHM is constant and is the sum of kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) at any point in its motion. We are given:
Kinetic Energy, $$ KE = 0.5 \, \text{J} $$
Potential Energy, $$ PE = 0.4 \, \text{J} $$
Therefore, the total energy (E) is:
$$ E = KE + PE = 0.5 + 0.4 = 0.9 \, \text{J} $$
In SHM, the total mechanical energy can also be expressed as:
$$ E = \frac{1}{2} k A^2 $$
where $ k $ is the spring constant and $ A $ is the amplitude.
We can also express kinetic and potential energy in SHM in terms of amplitude $ A $, position $ x $, and angular frequency $ \omega $:
Kinetic Energy: $$ KE = \frac{1}{2} m \omega^2 (A^2 - x^2) $$
Potential Energy: $$ PE = \frac{1}{2} m \omega^2 x^2 $$
Given mass $ m = 0.2 \, \text{kg} $, position $ x = 0.04 \, \text{m} $.
The angular frequency $ \omega $ is related to the frequency $ f $ by:
$$ \omega = 2\pi f $$
Given frequency:
$$ f = \frac{25}{\pi} \, \text{Hz} $$
Thus,
$$ \omega = 2\pi \left(\frac{25}{\pi}\right) = 50 \, \text{rad/s} $$
Using the expression for the total energy in SHM:
$$ \frac{1}{2} k A^2 = \frac{1}{2} m \omega^2 A^2 $$
Since the total energy $ E = 0.9 \, \text{J} $, it follows:
$$ 0.9 = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 0.2 \cdot (50)^2 \cdot A^2 $$
Solving for $ A^2 $:
$$ 0.9 = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 0.2 \cdot 2500 \cdot A^2 $$
$$ 0.9 = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 500 \cdot A^2 $$
$$ 0.9 = 250 \cdot A^2 $$
$$ A^2 = \frac{0.9}{250} $$
$$ A^2 = 0.0036 $$
$$ A = \sqrt{0.0036} $$
$$ A = 0.06 \, \text{m} $$
The amplitude of the oscillations is 0.06 m.
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