JEE Advance - Mathematics (2020 - Paper 2 Offline - No. 2)
The probability that a missile hits a target successfully is 0.75. In order to destroy the target completely, at least three successful hits are required. Then the minimum number of missiles that have to be fired so that the probability of completely destroying the target is NOT less than 0.95, is ............
Answer
6
Explanation
It is given that the probability, a missile hits a target successfully $$p = {3 \over 4}$$, so the probability to not hits the target is $${1 \over 4}$$. And it is also given that to destroy the target completely, at least three successful hits are required.
Now, according to the question, let the minimum number of missiles required to fired is n, so
$$^n{C_3}{p^3}{q^{n - 3}}{ + ^n}{C_4}{p^4}{q^{n - 4}} + ...{ + ^n}{C_n}{p^n}\, \ge \,0.95$$
$$ \Rightarrow 1 - \left\{ {^n{C_0}{{\left( {{1 \over 4}} \right)}^n}{ + ^n}{C_1}\left( {{3 \over 4}} \right){{\left( {{1 \over 4}} \right)}^{n - 1}}{ + ^n}{C_2}{{\left( {{3 \over 4}} \right)}^2}{{\left( {{1 \over 4}} \right)}^{n - 2}}} \right\}\, \ge \,0.95$$
$$ \Rightarrow 1 - {{95} \over {100}}\, \ge \,{1 \over {{4^n}}} + {{3n} \over {{4^n}}} + {{n(n - 1)} \over 2}{9 \over {{4^n}}}$$
$$ \Rightarrow {{{4^n}} \over {20}}\, \ge \,{{2 + 6n + 9{n^2} - 9n} \over 2}$$
$$ \Rightarrow 10(9{n^2} - 3n + 2)\, \le \,{4^n}$$
Now, at n = 3, LHS = 720, RHS = 64
at n = 4, LHS = 1340, RHS = 256
at n = 5, LHS = 2120, RHS = 1024
at n = 6, LHS = 3080, RHS = 4096
Hence, n = 6 missiles should be fired.
Now, according to the question, let the minimum number of missiles required to fired is n, so
$$^n{C_3}{p^3}{q^{n - 3}}{ + ^n}{C_4}{p^4}{q^{n - 4}} + ...{ + ^n}{C_n}{p^n}\, \ge \,0.95$$
$$ \Rightarrow 1 - \left\{ {^n{C_0}{{\left( {{1 \over 4}} \right)}^n}{ + ^n}{C_1}\left( {{3 \over 4}} \right){{\left( {{1 \over 4}} \right)}^{n - 1}}{ + ^n}{C_2}{{\left( {{3 \over 4}} \right)}^2}{{\left( {{1 \over 4}} \right)}^{n - 2}}} \right\}\, \ge \,0.95$$
$$ \Rightarrow 1 - {{95} \over {100}}\, \ge \,{1 \over {{4^n}}} + {{3n} \over {{4^n}}} + {{n(n - 1)} \over 2}{9 \over {{4^n}}}$$
$$ \Rightarrow {{{4^n}} \over {20}}\, \ge \,{{2 + 6n + 9{n^2} - 9n} \over 2}$$
$$ \Rightarrow 10(9{n^2} - 3n + 2)\, \le \,{4^n}$$
Now, at n = 3, LHS = 720, RHS = 64
at n = 4, LHS = 1340, RHS = 256
at n = 5, LHS = 2120, RHS = 1024
at n = 6, LHS = 3080, RHS = 4096
Hence, n = 6 missiles should be fired.
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