JEE Advance - Chemistry (2010 - Paper 1 Offline - No. 3)

Among the following, the intensive property is (properties are)
molar conductivity
electromotive force
resistance
heat capacity

Explanation

An intensive property is a property that is independent of the amount of mass or size of the system. In contrast, an extensive property is dependent on the size or amount of mass in the system. Let's analyze each option based on this definition:

  • Molar Conductivity: Molar conductivity, denoted as $$\Lambda_m$$, is a measure of the ionic conductivity of an electrolyte solution divided by the concentration of the electrolyte. Since it is normalized by the amount of substance, it does not depend on the total amount of the substance present in the solution. Thus, molar conductivity is an intensive property.
  • Electromotive Force (EMF): EMF is the voltage generated by a battery or by the magnetic force according to Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction. It refers to a potential difference and does not depend on the quantity of material or size of the battery. Therefore, EMF is considered an intensive property.
  • Resistance: Resistance, denoted by $$R$$, measures how much a material opposes the flow of electric current. It depends on the material’s length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity. For instance, a longer wire has greater resistance. Therefore, resistance is an extensive property.
  • Heat Capacity: Heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance by a certain temperature interval. It is dependent on the amount of substance present, and therefore, it is an extensive property. The specific heat capacity, however, is intensive since it is the heat capacity per unit mass.

From the options provided:

  • Option A (Molar Conductivity) is intensive.
  • Option B (Electromotive Force) is intensive.
  • Option C (Resistance) is extensive.
  • Option D (Heat Capacity) is extensive.

Therefore, the intensive properties among the given options are Option A (Molar Conductivity) and Option B (Electromotive Force).

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