JEE Advance - Chemistry (1999 - No. 8)

The correct order of increasing C - O bond length of CO, $$CO_3^{2-}$$, CO2 is
$$CO_3^{2-}$$ < CO2 < CO
CO2 < $$CO_3^{2-}$$ < CO
CO < $$CO_3^{2-}$$ < CO2
CO < CO2 < $$CO_3^{2-}$$

Explanation

To determine the order of increasing C-O bond lengths for CO, $$CO_3^{2-}$$ and CO2, it's essential to understand the types of bonding in these molecules and ions.

1. Carbon Monoxide (CO):

Carbon monoxide has a triple bond between carbon and oxygen. Triple bonds are stronger and shorter compared to single and double bonds. Thus, CO has a very short bond length.

2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2):

In CO2, carbon is double-bonded to each oxygen atom. Double bonds are longer than triple bonds but shorter than single bonds. Therefore, the C-O bond length in CO2 is longer than in CO but shorter than in a molecule with single bonds.

3. Carbonate Ion ($$CO_3^{2-}$$):

In the carbonate ion, the bond order for each C-O bond is 1.33. This is because the carbonate ion has a resonance structure where one carbon-oxygen bond is a double bond and the others are single bonds. Due to the resonance, the effective bond order between carbon and oxygen is between a single and a double bond, making its bond length longer than that in CO2 and shorter than a pure single bond.

Therefore, the increasing order of C-O bond length is:

CO < CO2 < $$CO_3^{2-}$$

The correct option is:

Option D

CO < CO2 < $$CO_3^{2-}$$

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