JEE Advance - Chemistry (1998 - No. 7)

A solution of a nonvolatile solute in water freezes at -0.30oC. The vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K s 23.51 mm Hg and Kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol-1. Calculate the vapour pressure of this solution at 298 K.
23.55 mm Hg
23.48 mm Hg
23.51 mm Hg
23.44 mm Hg
23.00 mm Hg

Explanation

We know, $$\Delta$$Tf = kf $$\times$$ molality of solution (m)

Given, kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol$$-$$1

$$\therefore$$ 0.30 = 1.86 $$\times$$ molality of solution (m)

$$\therefore$$ m = $${{0.30} \over {1.86}}$$ or, m = 0.161 mol kg$$-$$1

According to Raoult's law, $${{{p^0} - p} \over {{p^0}}} = {x_2} \approx {{{n_2}} \over {{n_1}}}$$

Amount of water in solution n1 $$\times$$ 18 g

Molality of the solution $${{{n_2}} \over {{n_1} \times 18}} \times 1000 = {{55.55 \times {n_2}} \over {{n_1}}}$$ mol kg$$-$$1

But, molality calculated from f. p. depression = 0.161 mol kg$$-$$1

$$\therefore$$ $${{55.55 \times {n_2}} \over {{n_1}}} = 0.0161$$ or, $${{{n_2}} \over {{n_1}}} = 1.09 \times {10^{ - 3}}$$

Given : p0 = 23.51 mm Hg

$$\therefore$$ $${{23.51 - p} \over {23.51}} = {{{n_2}} \over {{n_1}}} = 1.09 \times {10^{ - 3}}$$

$$\therefore$$ p = 23.48 mm Hg

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