JEE Advance - Chemistry (1987 - No. 3)
$$BrO_3^- + 6H^+ + 6e^- \to $$ $$Br^- + 3H_2O$$
(ii) What would be the weight as well as molarity if the half-cell reaction is:
$$2BrO_3^- + 12H^+ + 10e^- \to$$ $$Br_2 \,+ 6H_2O$$
Explanation
To answer these questions, we first need to understand two key concepts:
- Normality (N), which differs from molarity and relates to the number of equivalents per liter of solution.
- The equivalent weight of the compound, which in this case involves understanding how many electrons are transferred in the half-cell reaction.
Part (i): Let's calculate based on the half-cell reaction:
$$BrO_3^- + 6H^+ + 6e^- \rightarrow Br^- + 3H_2O$$
This reaction shows each mole of $$BrO_3^-$$ consumes 6 equivalents (6 moles of electrons). The molar mass of sodium bromate ($$NaBrO_3$$) is $$22.99 + 79.904 + 48.00 = 150.894\, g/mol$$.
To find the weight of sodium bromate needed:
1. The equivalent weight of $$NaBrO_3$$ = $$\frac{Molar\, mass}{6} = \frac{150.894}{6} = 25.149\, g/equiv$$.
2. To make a 0.672 N solution in 85.5 mL, first convert mL to L: $$85.5\, mL = 0.0855\, L$$.
3. Calculate the total equivalents needed: $$0.672\, eq/L \times 0.0855\, L = 0.05748\, equivalents$$.
4. Calculate the mass of $$NaBrO_3$$ required: $$0.05748\, equivalents \times 25.149\, g/equiv = 1.446\, g$$.
To find the molarity (M) of the solution:
The molarity would be the number of moles of $$NaBrO_3$$ in the given volume of solution:
1. Number of moles = $$\frac{1.446\, g}{150.894\, g/mol} = 0.00958\, moles$$.
2. Molarity = $$\frac{0.00958\, moles}{0.0855\, L} = 0.112\, M$$.
Part (ii): Consider the revised half-cell reaction:
$$2BrO_3^- + 12H^+ + 10e^- \rightarrow Br_2 + 6H_2O$$
Here, 2 moles of $$BrO_3^-$$ are reduced by 10 electrons. Each mole of $$BrO_3^-$$ consumes 5 equivalents (5 electrons):
1. The equivalent weight of $$NaBrO_3$$ in this case = $$\frac{Molar\, mass}{5} = \frac{150.894}{5} = 30.179\, g/equiv$$.
Calculating the mass required to produce a 0.672 N solution:
1. Total equivalents required: $$0.672\, eq/L \times 0.0855\, L = 0.05748\, equivalents$$
2. Mass of $$NaBrO_3$$ required: $$0.05748\, equivalents \times 30.179\, g/equiv = 1.734\, g$$.
Calculating the molarity based on these equivalents:
1. Number of moles = $$\frac{1.734\, g}{150.894\, g/mol} = 0.0115\, moles$$.
2. Molarity = $$\frac{0.0115\, moles}{0.0855\, L} = 0.134\, M$$.
In summary, the weight and molarity needed under each half-cell reaction are calculated by considering the number of electrons transferred per mole of reactant and adjusting the equivalent weight accordingly.
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