JEE Advance - Chemistry (1986 - No. 3)
Mn2+ + PbO2 $$\to$$ $$MnO_4^-$$ + H2O
Explanation
To complete and balance the reaction between $$Mn^{2+}$$ and $$PbO_2$$ that results in $$MnO_4^-$$ and $$H_2O$$, we need to take into account both the redox aspect of this reaction and the need for balancing atoms and charges. This reaction occurs in acidic solution, so we'll be using $$H^+$$ ions to balance hydrogen atoms and electrons to balance the charges.
The half-reactions are as follows:
Oxidation half-reaction: The manganese goes from a +2 oxidation state in $$Mn^{2+}$$ to a +7 oxidation state in $$MnO_4^-$$.
$$Mn^{2+} \to MnO_4^-$$
We add 4 $$H_2O$$ on the right side to balance the oxygen, giving 8 $$H^+$$ on the left side to balance the hydrogen. Then, we add electrons to balance the charge:
$$Mn^{2+} + 8H^+ + 4H_2O \to MnO_4^- + 5e^-$$
Reduction half-reaction: The lead goes from a +4 oxidation state in $$PbO_2$$ to a +2 oxidation state in the product not mentioned explicitly (since $$PbO_2$$ is being reduced, we can assume it becomes $$Pb^{2+}$$ in acidic solution).
$$PbO_2 + 4H^+ + 2e^- \to Pb^{2+} + 2H_2O$$
Now, to balance the electrons in both half-reactions, we need to equalize the number of electrons. Since the oxidation half-reaction produces 5 electrons and the reduction half-reaction consumes 2 electrons, we multiply the reduction half-reaction by 5 and the oxidation half-reaction by 2 to get 10 electrons in both:
$$2(Mn^{2+} + 8H^+ + 4H_2O \to MnO_4^- + 5e^-)$$
$$5(PbO_2 + 4H^+ + 2e^- \to Pb^{2+} + 2H_2O)$$
By multiplying, we have:
$$2Mn^{2+} + 16H^+ + 8H_2O \to 2MnO_4^- + 10e^-$$
$$5PbO_2 + 20H^+ + 10e^- \to 5Pb^{2+} + 10H_2O$$
Combining and simplifying these equations, while also canceling out electrons and what's common on both sides, we find:
$$2Mn^{2+} + 5PbO_2 + 16H^+ \to 2MnO_4^- + 5Pb^{2+} + 8H_2O$$
In this balanced equation, both the charges and the atoms are balanced, giving a clear representation of the chemical reaction that occurs.
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