JEE Advance - Chemistry (1986 - No. 24)

The vapour pressure of ethanol and methanol are 44.5 and 88.7 mm Hg respectively. An ideal solution is formed at the same temperature by mixing 60 g of ethanol with 40 g of methanol. Calculate the total vapour pressure of the solution and the mole fraction of methanol in the vapour.
P = 65.71 mm Hg, mole fraction of methanol = 0.66
P = 70.22 mm Hg, mole fraction of methanol = 0.55
P = 60.00 mm Hg, mole fraction of methanol = 0.75
P = 55.55 mm Hg, mole fraction of methanol = 0.80
P = 80.00 mm Hg, mole fraction of methanol = 0.40

Explanation

Total vapour pressure (P) of an ideal solution made up of ethanol and methanol is given by, $$P = {x_1}p_1^0 + {x_2}p_2^0$$ where $$p_1^0$$ & $$p_2^0$$ are the vapour pressures of pure ethanol and pure methanol respectively and x1 and x2 are the mole fractions of ethanol and methanol respectively in solution.

Now, number of moles of ethanol $$ = {{60} \over {46}} = 1.3$$ (Molar mass of ethanol = 46 g mol$$-$$1

and that of methanol $$ = {{40} \over {32}} = 1.25$$ (Molar mass of methanol = 32 g mol$$-$$1

Total moles of ethanol & methanol = (1.3 + 1.25) = 2.55 mol

$$\therefore$$ $${x_1} = {{1.3} \over {2.55}} = 0.50$$ and $${x_2} = {{1.25} \over {2.55}} = 0.49$$

Given : $$p_1^0$$ = 44.5 mm Hg and $$p_2^0$$ = 88.7 mm Hg

$$\therefore$$ $$p = {x_1}p_1^0 + {x_2}p_2^0 = (0.50 \times 44.5 + 0.49 \times 88.7)$$ mm Hg = 65.71 mm Hg

$$\therefore$$ Total vapour pressure of the solution = 65.71 mm Hg

mole fraction of methanol in vapour $$ = {{Partial\,v.p.\,of\,methanol\,in\,vapour\,of\,the\,solution} \over {Total\,v.p.\,of\,solution}}$$

$$ = {{{x_2}p_2^0} \over P} = {{0.49 \times 88.7} \over {65.71}} = 0.66$$

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