JEE MAIN - Physics (2025 - 7th April Morning Shift - No. 5)
An ac current is represented as
$$i=5 \sqrt{2}+10 \cos \left(650 \pi t+\frac{\pi}{6}\right) A m p$$
The r.m.s value of the current is
Explanation
To find the root mean square (RMS) value of the given alternating current, follow these steps:
The current is represented as:
$ i = 5\sqrt{2} + 10 \cos \left(650\pi t + \frac{\pi}{6}\right) \, \text{Amp} $
Here, the time-independent DC component is $5\sqrt{2}$ and the AC component is $10 \cos \left(650\pi t + \frac{\pi}{6}\right)$.
Calculate the square of the current, $i^2$:
$ i^2 = \left(5\sqrt{2}\right)^2 + \left(10 \cos \left(650\pi t + \frac{\pi}{6}\right)\right)^2 + 2 \times 5\sqrt{2} \times 10 \cos \left(650\pi t + \frac{\pi}{6}\right) $
Simplifying, we have:
$ i^2 = 50 + 100 \cos^2 \left(650\pi t + \frac{\pi}{6}\right) + 100\sqrt{2} \cos \left(650\pi t + \frac{\pi}{6}\right) $
Find the average value $\langle i^2 \rangle$:
The average value of $\cos$ terms over a period is zero, simplifying our equation to:
$ \langle i^2 \rangle = 50 + \frac{100}{2} + 0 $
This simplifies to:
$ \langle i^2 \rangle = 50 + 50 = 100 $
Calculate the RMS current:
The RMS value is the square root of the mean of the squares of the current:
$ \langle i \rangle = \sqrt{100} = 10 \, \text{Amp} $
Thus, the RMS value of the current is 10 Amps.
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