JEE MAIN - Physics (2025 - 4th April Morning Shift - No. 7)
Explanation
The contact angle, $$\theta,$$ of a liquid in a capillary tube determines its meniscus shape:
If $$\theta < 90^\circ,$$ then $$\cos \theta > 0$$ and the liquid wets the tube, giving a concave meniscus.
If $$\theta > 90^\circ,$$ then $$\cos \theta < 0$$ and the liquid is non-wetting, resulting in a convex meniscus.
If $$\theta = 90^\circ,$$ then $$\cos \theta = 0$$ and the meniscus is essentially flat.
We are given the ratio:
$$K = \frac{\cos \theta_A}{\cos \theta_B}.$$
For $$K$$ to be negative:
The numerator and denominator must have opposite signs.
This means one of the liquids has $$\cos \theta > 0$$ (concave meniscus) and the other has $$\cos \theta < 0$$ (convex meniscus).
Consider Option D:
It states that if $$K$$ is negative, then liquid A has a concave meniscus (so $$\theta_A < 90^\circ$$, $$\cos \theta_A > 0$$) and liquid B has a convex meniscus (so $$\theta_B > 90^\circ$$, $$\cos \theta_B < 0$$).
Hence, the ratio becomes negative:
$$K = \frac{(+)}{(-)} < 0.$$
Therefore, the correct statement is:
Option D
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