JEE MAIN - Physics (2025 - 29th January Evening Shift - No. 19)
An electric dipole is placed at a distance of 2 cm from an infinite plane sheet having positive charge density $\sigma_{\mathrm{o}}$. Choose the correct option from the following.
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Explanation
We know, electric field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet,
$$E = {{{\sigma _0}} \over {2{\varepsilon _0}}}$$
perpendicularly directed away from the sheet for positive charge
So, $$\overrightarrow E = {{{\sigma _0}} \over {2{\varepsilon _0}}} \uparrow \theta $$
note : E is constant
Let length of dipole = d
so dipole moment, $$\overrightarrow p = qd \uparrow $$
We know,
Torque, $$\overrightarrow \tau = \overrightarrow p \times \overrightarrow E $$
$$\overrightarrow \tau = qd\widehat i \times {{{\sigma _0}} \over {2{\varepsilon _0}}}\widehat i$$
$$\widehat \tau = O$$ (as $$\widehat i \times \widehat i = 0$$)
force, on charge $$ - q,\overrightarrow {{F_1}} = - qE\widehat i$$
on charge $$ + q,\overrightarrow {{F_2}} = qE\widehat i$$
So net force on dipole, $$\overrightarrow F = \overrightarrow {{F_1}} + \overrightarrow {{F_2}} $$
$$ = - qE\widehat i + qE\widehat i$$
$$\overrightarrow F = O$$
We know, potential energy of dipole
$$u(O) = - pE\cos \theta $$
here, $$O = 0^\circ $$ (given)
So, $${u_{\min }} = - pE$$
Hence, option B is correct.
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