JEE MAIN - Physics (2025 - 29th January Evening Shift - No. 19)

An electric dipole is placed at a distance of 2 cm from an infinite plane sheet having positive charge density $\sigma_{\mathrm{o}}$. Choose the correct option from the following.

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift Physics - Electrostatics Question 17 English
Torque on dipole is zero and net force is directed away from the sheet.
Potential energy of dipole is minimum and torque is zero.
Potential energy and torque both are maximum.
Torque on dipole is zero and net force acts towards the sheet.

Explanation

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift Physics - Electrostatics Question 17 English Explanation

We know, electric field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet,

$$E = {{{\sigma _0}} \over {2{\varepsilon _0}}}$$

perpendicularly directed away from the sheet for positive charge

So, $$\overrightarrow E = {{{\sigma _0}} \over {2{\varepsilon _0}}} \uparrow \theta $$

note : E is constant

Let length of dipole = d

so dipole moment, $$\overrightarrow p = qd \uparrow $$

We know,

Torque, $$\overrightarrow \tau = \overrightarrow p \times \overrightarrow E $$

$$\overrightarrow \tau = qd\widehat i \times {{{\sigma _0}} \over {2{\varepsilon _0}}}\widehat i$$

$$\widehat \tau = O$$ (as $$\widehat i \times \widehat i = 0$$)

force, on charge $$ - q,\overrightarrow {{F_1}} = - qE\widehat i$$

on charge $$ + q,\overrightarrow {{F_2}} = qE\widehat i$$

So net force on dipole, $$\overrightarrow F = \overrightarrow {{F_1}} + \overrightarrow {{F_2}} $$

$$ = - qE\widehat i + qE\widehat i$$

$$\overrightarrow F = O$$

We know, potential energy of dipole

$$u(O) = - pE\cos \theta $$

here, $$O = 0^\circ $$ (given)

So, $${u_{\min }} = - pE$$

Hence, option B is correct.

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