JEE MAIN - Physics (2025 - 29th January Evening Shift - No. 15)

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift Physics - Heat and Thermodynamics Question 23 English

A poly-atomic molecule $\left(C_V=3 R, C_P=4 R\right.$, where $R$ is gas constant) goes from phase space point $\mathrm{A}\left(\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{A}}=10^5 \mathrm{~Pa}, \mathrm{~V}_{\mathrm{A}}=4 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~m}^3\right)$ to point $\mathrm{B}\left(\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{B}}=5 \times 10^4 \mathrm{~Pa}, \mathrm{~V}_{\mathrm{B}}=6 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~m}^3\right)$ to point $\mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{C}}=10^4\right.$ $\mathrm{Pa}, \mathrm{V}_C=8 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~m}^3$ ). A to $B$ is an adiabatic path and $B$ to $C$ is an isothermal path.

The net heat absorbed per unit mole by the system is :

$500 \mathrm{R}(\ln 3+\ln 4)$
$450 \mathrm{R}(\ln 4-\ln 3)$
$500 \mathrm{R} \ln 2$
$400 \mathrm{R} \ln 4$

Explanation

As A to B is can adiabatic path,

So, $$\Delta {Q_{A \to B}} = o$$ .... (1)

So, now we need to find the heat absorbed for the isothermal path (B to C)

We know, change in internal energy

$$\Delta u = m{c_v}\Delta T$$

$$ \Rightarrow \Delta u = o$$ (for isothermal as $$\Delta T = o$$)

Now, using Ist law of thermodynamics

$$\Delta Q = \Delta u + w$$

$$ \Rightarrow \Delta Q = o + w \Rightarrow \Delta Q = w$$

So, $$\Delta {Q_{B \to C}} = {W_{B \to C}}$$

$$ = nRT\ln \left( {{{{v_C}} \over {{v_B}}}} \right)$$

$$ \Rightarrow \Delta {Q_{B \to C}} = nR(450)\ln \left( {{4 \over 3}} \right)$$

$$ \Rightarrow \Delta {Q_{B \to C}} = 450nR\ln \left( {{4 \over 3}} \right)$$ .... (2)

So net heat absorbed,

$$Q = \Delta {Q_{A \to B}} + \Delta {Q_{B \to C}}$$

$$ \Rightarrow Q = 450nR\ln \left( {{4 \over 3}} \right)$$ ... (from 1 and 2)

Net heat absorbed per mole,

$$ \Rightarrow {Q \over n} = 450R(\ln 4 - \ln 3)$$.

Option 2 is correct.

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