JEE MAIN - Physics (2025 - 28th January Evening Shift - No. 19)

Given below are two statements. One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Knowing initial position $\mathrm{x}_0$ and initial momentum $p_0$ is enough to determine the position and momentum at any time $t$ for a simple harmonic motion with a given angular frequency $\omega$.

Reason (R) : The amplitude and phase can be expressed in terms of $\mathrm{X}_0$ an $\mathrm{p}_0$.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

(A) is true but (R) is false
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
(A) is false but (R) is true
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Explanation

$$\begin{aligned} & \mathrm{x}=\mathrm{A} \sin (\omega \mathrm{t}+\phi) \\ & \mathrm{x}_0=\mathrm{A} \sin \phi \quad\text{.... (1)}\\ & \mathrm{p}=\mathrm{mA} \omega \cos (\omega \mathrm{t}+\phi) \\ & \mathrm{p}_0=\mathrm{mA} \omega \cos \phi \quad\text{.... (2)} \end{aligned}$$

$(2) /(1) \Rightarrow \tan \phi=\left(\frac{x_0}{p_0}\right) m \omega$

$$\sin \phi=\frac{\mathrm{x}_0 \mathrm{~m} \omega}{\sqrt{\left(\mathrm{~m} \omega \mathrm{x}_0\right)^2+\mathrm{p}_0^2}}$$

From (1), $A=\frac{x_0}{\sin \phi}=\frac{\sqrt{\left(m \omega x_0\right)^2+p_0^2}}{m \omega}$

This means we can explain assertion with the given reason.

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