JEE MAIN - Physics (2025 - 23rd January Evening Shift - No. 5)
Explanation
To determine the change in entropy when water is heated from temperature $$T_1$$ to $$T_2$$ (here, $$T_\gamma$$ is equivalent to $$T_2$$), we use the definition of entropy change for a reversible process:
$$ \Delta S = \int_{T_1}^{T_2} \frac{dQ}{T} $$
Since the water is being heated slowly, the process is reversible, and the heat added is given by:
$$ dQ = mc\,dT $$
where:
• $$m$$ is the mass of the water,
• $$c$$ is the specific heat capacity (given as $$1\,\mathrm{J\,kg^{-1}\,K^{-1}}$$).
Substitute $$dQ$$ into the integral:
$$ \Delta S = \int_{T_1}^{T_2} \frac{mc\,dT}{T} = mc\, \int_{T_1}^{T_2} \frac{dT}{T}. $$
Since $$c = 1$$, the equation simplifies to:
$$ \Delta S = m \int_{T_1}^{T_2} \frac{dT}{T}. $$
Evaluating the integral, we have:
$$ \int_{T_1}^{T_2} \frac{dT}{T} = \ln{T}\Big|_{T_1}^{T_2} = \ln\left(\frac{T_2}{T_1}\right). $$
Thus, the change in entropy is:
$$ \Delta S = m \ln\left(\frac{T_2}{T_1}\right). $$
Comparing with the options provided, the correct answer is:
Option D: $$m \ln\left(\frac{T_2}{T_1}\right).$$
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