JEE MAIN - Physics (2025 - 23rd January Evening Shift - No. 23)
Explanation
To find the difference between the pressure inside the air bubble and the atmospheric pressure, we use the fact that at depth $h$ in a liquid of density $\rho$, the external (hydrostatic) pressure exceeds atmospheric by $\rho g h$. Additionally, for a spherical bubble in a liquid, the internal pressure exceeds the external pressure by $\frac{2T}{r}$, where $T$ is the surface tension and $r$ is the radius of the bubble.
Hence, the internal pressure of the bubble is
$ P_\text{inside} = P_\text{atm} + \rho g h + \frac{2T}{r}. $
Therefore, the difference between the bubble's internal pressure and the atmospheric pressure is
$ \Delta P = P_\text{inside} - P_\text{atm} = \rho g h + \frac{2T}{r}. $
Substituting the given values:
$\rho = 10^3 \,\text{kg/m}^3$
$g = 10 \,\text{m/s}^2$
$h = 0.20 \,\text{m}$
$T = 0.095 \,\text{J/m}^2$
$r = 1.0 \times 10^{-3} \,\text{m}$
we compute each term:
Hydrostatic term:
$ \rho g h = (10^3 \,\text{kg/m}^3) \cdot (10 \,\text{m/s}^2) \cdot (0.20 \,\text{m}) = 2000 \,\text{N/m}^2. $
Surface tension term:
$ \frac{2T}{r} = \frac{2 \times 0.095 \,\text{J/m}^2}{1.0 \times 10^{-3} \,\text{m}} = \frac{2 \times 0.095}{10^{-3}} = 2 \times 95 = 190 \,\text{N/m}^2. $
Hence,
$ \Delta P = 2000 \,\text{N/m}^2 + 190 \,\text{N/m}^2 = 2190 \,\text{N/m}^2. $
Thus, the required pressure difference between the inside of the bubble and the atmospheric pressure is
$ \boxed{2190 \,\text{N/m}^2.} $
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