JEE MAIN - Physics (2025 - 22nd January Evening Shift - No. 21)
Explanation
Let's break down the problem step by step:
When the proton moves undeflected in crossed electric and magnetic fields, the electric and magnetic forces balance each other. That is,
$$qE = qvB,$$
which simplifies to
$$E = vB.$$
After the electric field is switched off, the proton moves in a circular path under the action of the magnetic force. The magnetic force provides the required centripetal force:
$$qvB = \frac{mv^2}{r}.$$
Solving for the magnetic field $$B$$, we get:
$$B = \frac{mv}{qr}.$$
Now substitute this expression for $$B$$ back into the equilibrium condition:
$$E = vB = v\left(\frac{mv}{qr}\right) = \frac{mv^2}{qr}.$$
Plug in the given values:
Proton mass, $$m = 1.6 \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}$$
Speed, $$v = 2 \times 10^5 \, \text{m/s}$$
Radius, $$r = 2 \, \text{cm} = 0.02 \, \text{m}$$
Proton charge, $$q = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{C}$$
Thus,
$$E = \frac{(1.6 \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg})(2 \times 10^5 \, \text{m/s})^2}{(1.6 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{C})(0.02 \, \text{m})}.$$
Calculate the numerator:
$$(2 \times 10^5)^2 = 4 \times 10^{10},$$
So, $$(1.6 \times 10^{-27}) \times (4 \times 10^{10}) = 6.4 \times 10^{-17}.$$
Calculate the denominator:
$$(1.6 \times 10^{-19}) \times (0.02) = 3.2 \times 10^{-21}.$$
Now compute the electric field:
$$E = \frac{6.4 \times 10^{-17}}{3.2 \times 10^{-21}} = 2 \times 10^4 \, \text{N/C}.$$
The problem states that the magnitude of the electric field is $$x \times 10^4 \, \text{N/C}.$$ Since we found
$$E = 2 \times 10^4 \, \text{N/C},$$
it follows that
$$x = 2.$$
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