The phenomenon described in the statement is called chromatic aberration.

Chromatic aberration is a type of optical aberration that occurs when a lens is unable to focus different colors of light at the same point after refraction. This causes the different colors of light to converge at different points on the principal axis, resulting in blurred or distorted images.

In the case of a convex lens, the refractive index of the lens is different for different colors of light. The blue light, having the shortest wavelength, refracts the most and the red light, having the longest wavelength, refracts the least. This causes the blue light to converge at a point closer to the lens than the red light, resulting in a blurred image.

Spherical aberration, on the other hand, is a type of optical aberration that occurs when a spherical lens is unable to focus all the incident light rays at a single point, resulting in a blurred image. Polarization refers to the orientation of the electric field of light waves, and scattering refers to the phenomenon of light being redirected in different directions due to interaction with matter.