JEE MAIN - Physics (2023 - 10th April Evening Shift - No. 28)
Explanation
The energy difference formula for transitions between energy levels in a hydrogen atom, which is given by
$ \Delta E = -13.6 \, \text{eV} \times \left(\frac{1}{n_1^2} - \frac{1}{n_2^2}\right) $
where ($n_1$) and ($n_2$) are the initial and final energy levels, respectively. For the Lyman series, the electron transitions to the ground state (($n_1$ = 1)), and for the Balmer series, the electron transitions to the first excited state (($n_1$ = 2)).
From the given information, we have the lowest wavelength in the Lyman series, ($\lambda_1 = 917 \, \text{Å}$). Therefore, the energy difference ($\Delta E$) for the Lyman series is
$ \Delta E = \frac{hc}{\lambda_1} $
where (h) is Planck's constant and (c) is the speed of light.
Similarly, for the Balmer series, the energy difference ($\Delta E$) is
$ \Delta E = -13.6 \, \text{eV} \times \left(\frac{1}{2^2} - \frac{1}{\infty^2}\right) = -13.6 \, \text{eV} \times \frac{1}{4} $
The corresponding wavelength ($\lambda_2$) is
$ \lambda_2 = \frac{hc}{\Delta E} $
By comparing ($\Delta E$) for the Lyman and Balmer series, you found that
$ \frac{\lambda_1}{\lambda_2} = \frac{\Delta E_2}{\Delta E_1} = \frac{1}{4} $
Therefore, the lowest wavelength in the Balmer series is
$ \lambda_2 = 4 \lambda_1 = 4 \times 917 \, \text{Å} = 3668 \, \text{Å} $
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