JEE MAIN - Physics (2019 - 9th January Morning Slot - No. 5)

A rod, of length L at room temperature and uniform area of cross section A, is made of a metal having coefficient of linear expansion $$\alpha $$/oC. It is observed that an external compressive force F, is applied on each of its ends, prevents any change in the length of the rod, when its temperature rises by $$\Delta $$TK. Young's modulus, Y, for this metal is :
$${F \over {A\alpha \Delta T}}$$
$${F \over {A\alpha (\Delta T - 273)}}$$
$${F \over {2A\alpha \Delta T}}$$
$${{2F} \over {A\alpha \Delta T}}$$

Explanation

We know,

Young's Modulus, Y = $${{Stress} \over {Strain}}$$

Stress = $${F \over A}$$

Strain = $${{\Delta l} \over l}$$

$$ \therefore $$  Y = $${{{F \over A}} \over {{{\Delta l} \over l}}}$$

We also know,

$$l$$f = $$l$$i (1 + $$\alpha $$$$\Delta $$T)

$$ \Rightarrow $$   $$l$$f = $$l$$i + $$l$$i$$\alpha $$$$\Delta $$T

$$ \Rightarrow $$   $${{{l_f} - {l_i}} \over {{l_i}}}$$ = $$\alpha $$$$\Delta T$$

$$ \Rightarrow $$   $${{\Delta l} \over {{l_i}}}$$ = $$\alpha $$$$\Delta $$T

$$ \therefore $$   y = $${{{F \over A}} \over {\alpha \Delta T}}$$

= $${F \over {A\alpha \Delta T}}$$

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