JEE MAIN - Physics (2016 (Offline) - No. 23)

A satellite is revolving in a circular orbit at a height $$'h'$$ from the earth's surface (radius of earth $$R;h < < R$$). The minimum increase in its orbital velocity required, so that the satellite could escape from the earth's gravitational field, is close to : (Neglect the effect of atmosphere.)
$$\sqrt{2 g R}$$
$$\sqrt{g R}$$
$$\sqrt{g R / 2}$$
$$\sqrt{g R}(\sqrt{2}-1)$$

Explanation

Orbital velocity of satellite,

$${v_0} = \sqrt {{{GM} \over {R + h}}} $$

= $$\sqrt {{{GM} \over R}} $$ [ As $$h < < R$$ then R + h = R ]

= $$\sqrt {gR} $$ [ As $$g = {{GM} \over {{R^2}}}$$ ]

Escape velocity

$${v_e} = \sqrt {{{2GM} \over R}} $$

= $$\sqrt {2gR} $$ [ As $$g = {{GM} \over {{R^2}}}$$ ]

$$\therefore$$ The minimum increase in its orbital velocity required to escape from the earth gravitational field

$$ = \sqrt {2gR} - \sqrt {gR} = \sqrt {gR} \left( {\sqrt 2 - 1} \right)$$

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