JEE MAIN - Mathematics (2025 - 22nd January Evening Shift - No. 3)
If the system of linear equations :
$$\begin{aligned} & x+y+2 z=6 \\ & 2 x+3 y+\mathrm{az}=\mathrm{a}+1 \\ & -x-3 y+\mathrm{b} z=2 \mathrm{~b} \end{aligned}$$
where $a, b \in \mathbf{R}$, has infinitely many solutions, then $7 a+3 b$ is equal to :
Explanation
We begin with the system:
$$ \begin{aligned} x+y+2z &= 6, \\ 2x+3y+az &= a+1, \\ -x-3y+bz &= 2b. \end{aligned} $$
Step 1. Solve the first equation for $$x$$:
$$ x = 6 - y - 2z. $$
Step 2. Substitute $$x = 6-y-2z$$ into the second equation:
$$ 2(6-y-2z) + 3y + az = a+1. $$
Expanding and simplifying:
$$ 12 - 2y - 4z + 3y + az = a+1 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad y + (a-4)z = a - 11. $$
Call this Equation (I).
Step 3. Substitute $$x = 6-y-2z$$ into the third equation:
$$ -(6-y-2z) - 3y + bz = 2b. $$
Expanding and simplifying:
$$ -6 + y + 2z - 3y + bz = 2b \quad \Longrightarrow \quad -2y + (b+2)z = 2b + 6. $$
Call this Equation (II).
Step 4. For the system to have infinitely many solutions, the two equations in $$y$$ and $$z$$ must be dependent—that is, one must be a constant multiple of the other. Assume there exists a constant $$k$$ such that
$$ -2 = k \cdot 1 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad k = -2. $$
Apply this to the coefficient of $$z$$ and the constant term.
For the $$z$$-coefficient in Equations (I) and (II):
$$ b+2 = k(a-4) = -2(a-4) = -2a+8. $$
Thus,
$$ b = -2a+6. $$
For the constant term:
$$ 2b+6 = k(a-11) = -2(a-11) = -2a + 22. $$
Substitute $$b = -2a+6$$ into this equation:
$$ 2(-2a+6) + 6 = -2a + 22 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad -4a + 12 + 6 = -2a + 22. $$
Simplify:
$$ -4a + 18 = -2a + 22. $$
Solve for $$a$$:
$$ -4a + 18 + 4a = -2a + 22 + 4a \quad \Longrightarrow \quad 18 = 2a + 22, $$
$$ 2a = 18 - 22 = -4 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad a = -2. $$
Substitute $$a = -2$$ into $$b = -2a+6$$:
$$ b = -2(-2) + 6 = 4 + 6 = 10. $$
Step 5. We now compute
$$ 7a + 3b = 7(-2) + 3(10) = -14 + 30 = 16. $$
Thus, the value of $$7a+3b$$ is
$$ \boxed{16}. $$
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