JEE MAIN - Mathematics (2025 - 22nd January Evening Shift - No. 12)
Explanation
Consider the curves
$$ y = x^2 - 4x + 4 = (x-2)^2 $$
and
$$ y^2 = 16 - 8x. $$
Notice that the second equation can be rewritten in terms of $$x$$:
$$ 8x = 16 - y^2 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad x = 2 - \frac{y^2}{8}. $$
Step 1. Find the Intersection Points
To find the points where the curves intersect, substitute
$$ y = (x-2)^2 $$
into
$$ y^2 = 16 - 8x. $$
Let
$$ u = x - 2 \quad \text{so that} \quad y = u^2. $$
Then
$$ y^2 = u^4 $$
and
$$ x = u + 2. $$
Substitute into the second curve:
$$ u^4 = 16 - 8(u+2). $$
Simplify the right side:
$$ 16 - 8(u+2) = 16 - 8u - 16 = -8u. $$
Thus, the equation becomes
$$ u^4 + 8u = 0 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad u(u^4/ u? \,\, **{correcting factor}**). $$
In fact, factor by taking out a common factor $$u$$:
$$ u(u^3 + 8) = 0. $$
Thus, either
$$ u = 0 \quad \text{or} \quad u^3 = -8. $$
For $$u = 0$$:
$$ x = u + 2 = 2, \quad y = u^2 = 0. $$
For $$u^3 = -8$$:
$$ u = -2, \quad \text{so} \quad x = -2 + 2 = 0, \quad y = (-2)^2 = 4. $$
The curves intersect at the points $$ (2, 0) $$ and $$ (0, 4). $$
Step 2. Express the Curves in Terms of $$y$$
It is easier to integrate horizontally by expressing $$x$$ as a function of $$y$$.
From the second curve:
$$ x = 2 - \frac{y^2}{8}. $$
From the first curve, solving
$$ y = (x-2)^2 $$
for $$x$$ gives
$$ x-2 = \pm\sqrt{y}. $$
Since at the intersection $$ (0, 4) $$ the $$x$$–value is less than 2, we take the negative branch:
$$ x = 2 - \sqrt{y}. $$
Thus, for a fixed $$y$$ between 0 and 4, the left boundary is
$$ x_{\text{left}} = 2 - \sqrt{y}, $$
and the right boundary is
$$ x_{\text{right}} = 2 - \frac{y^2}{8}. $$
Step 3. Set Up the Integral for the Area
The horizontal distance between the curves at a given $$y$$ is
$$ \Delta x = x_{\text{right}} - x_{\text{left}} = \left(2 - \frac{y^2}{8}\right) - \left(2 - \sqrt{y}\right) = \sqrt{y} - \frac{y^2}{8}. $$
Integrate with respect to $$y$$ from $$y = 0$$ to $$y = 4$$:
$$ A = \int_{0}^{4} \left(\sqrt{y} - \frac{y^2}{8}\right) \, dy. $$
Step 4. Evaluate the Integral
Write the integral as
$$ A = \int_{0}^{4} y^{1/2}\, dy - \frac{1}{8} \int_{0}^{4} y^2\, dy. $$
Compute each term:
For the first integral:
$$ \int y^{1/2}\, dy = \frac{2}{3} y^{3/2}. $$
For the second integral:
$$ \int y^2\, dy = \frac{y^3}{3}. $$
Thus,
$$ A = \left[\frac{2}{3} y^{3/2}\right]_0^4 - \frac{1}{8}\left[\frac{y^3}{3}\right]_0^4. $$
Substitute $$y = 4$$ (note that at $$y = 0$$ both terms vanish):
Compute $$4^{3/2}$$:
$$ 4^{3/2} = \left( \sqrt{4} \right)^3 = 2^3 = 8. $$
Compute the first term:
$$ \frac{2}{3} \times 8 = \frac{16}{3}. $$
Compute the second term:
$$ \frac{1}{8} \cdot \frac{64}{3} = \frac{64}{24} = \frac{8}{3}. $$
Therefore, the area is
$$ A = \frac{16}{3} - \frac{8}{3} = \frac{8}{3}. $$
Final Answer
The area of the region enclosed by the curves is
$$ \frac{8}{3}. $$
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