JEE MAIN - Mathematics (2023 - 13th April Morning Shift - No. 4)

For the system of linear equations

$$2 x+4 y+2 a z=b$$

$$x+2 y+3 z=4$$

$$2 x-5 y+2 z=8$$

which of the following is NOT correct?

It has infinitely many solutions if $$a=3, b=8$$
It has infinitely many solutions if $$a=3, b=6$$
It has unique solution if $$a=b=8$$
It has unique solution if $$a=b=6$$

Explanation

The given system of equations is :

1. $$2x + 4y + 2az = b$$

2. $$x + 2y + 3z = 4$$

3. $$2x - 5y + 2z = 8$$

We can write this in matrix form :

$$ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & 2a \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 2 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} b \\ 4 \\ 8 \end{bmatrix} $$

First, we need to find the determinant of the coefficient matrix, which we'll call Δ. The coefficient matrix is :

$$ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & 2a \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 2 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix} $$

We find its determinant for 3 $$ \times $$ 3 matrices :

$$ \Delta = 2(2)(2) + 4(3)(2) + 2a(1)(-5) - 2a(2)(2) - 4(1)(2) - 2(3)(-5) $$

$$ \Delta = 8 + 24 - 10a - 8a - 8 + 30 $$

$$ \Delta = -18a + 54 $$

$$ \Delta = -18(a - 3) $$

Next, we substitute the third column of our matrix with the column of constants (b, 4, 8) and calculate the determinant Δ₃ :

$$ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & b \\ 1 & 2 & 4 \\ 2 & -5 & 8 \end{bmatrix} $$

We find its determinant :

$$ \Delta_3 = 2(2)(8) + 4(4)(2) + b(1)(-5) - b(2)(2) - 4(1)(8) - 2(4)(-5) $$

$$ \Delta_3 = 32 + 32 - 5b - 4b - 32 + 40 $$

$$ \Delta_3 = -9b + 72 $$

$$ \Delta_3 = 9(8 - b) $$

Now, let's analyze the options :

1. For a=3 and b=8, we have Δ = 0 and Δ₃ = 0, which indicates an infinite number of solutions.

2. For a=3 and b=6, we have Δ = 0 and Δ₃ ≠ 0, which indicates no solution.

3. For a=8 and b=8, we have Δ ≠ 0, which indicates a unique solution.

4. For a=6 and b=6, we have Δ ≠ 0, which indicates a unique solution.

Therefore, the statement that is NOT correct is Option B: "It has infinitely many solutions if a=3, b=6", because in this case the system actually has no solution.

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