JEE MAIN - Mathematics (2023 - 13th April Morning Shift - No. 4)
For the system of linear equations
$$2 x+4 y+2 a z=b$$
$$x+2 y+3 z=4$$
$$2 x-5 y+2 z=8$$
which of the following is NOT correct?
It has infinitely many solutions if $$a=3, b=8$$
It has infinitely many solutions if $$a=3, b=6$$
It has unique solution if $$a=b=8$$
It has unique solution if $$a=b=6$$
Explanation
The given system of equations is :
1. $$2x + 4y + 2az = b$$
2. $$x + 2y + 3z = 4$$
3. $$2x - 5y + 2z = 8$$
We can write this in matrix form :
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & 2a \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 2 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} b \\ 4 \\ 8 \end{bmatrix} $$
First, we need to find the determinant of the coefficient matrix, which we'll call Δ. The coefficient matrix is :
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & 2a \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 2 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix} $$
We find its determinant for 3 $$ \times $$ 3 matrices :
$$ \Delta = 2(2)(2) + 4(3)(2) + 2a(1)(-5) - 2a(2)(2) - 4(1)(2) - 2(3)(-5) $$
$$ \Delta = 8 + 24 - 10a - 8a - 8 + 30 $$
$$ \Delta = -18a + 54 $$
$$ \Delta = -18(a - 3) $$
Next, we substitute the third column of our matrix with the column of constants (b, 4, 8) and calculate the determinant Δ₃ :
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & b \\ 1 & 2 & 4 \\ 2 & -5 & 8 \end{bmatrix} $$
We find its determinant :
$$ \Delta_3 = 2(2)(8) + 4(4)(2) + b(1)(-5) - b(2)(2) - 4(1)(8) - 2(4)(-5) $$
$$ \Delta_3 = 32 + 32 - 5b - 4b - 32 + 40 $$
$$ \Delta_3 = -9b + 72 $$
$$ \Delta_3 = 9(8 - b) $$
Now, let's analyze the options :
1. For a=3 and b=8, we have Δ = 0 and Δ₃ = 0, which indicates an infinite number of solutions.
2. For a=3 and b=6, we have Δ = 0 and Δ₃ ≠ 0, which indicates no solution.
3. For a=8 and b=8, we have Δ ≠ 0, which indicates a unique solution.
4. For a=6 and b=6, we have Δ ≠ 0, which indicates a unique solution.
Therefore, the statement that is NOT correct is Option B: "It has infinitely many solutions if a=3, b=6", because in this case the system actually has no solution.
1. $$2x + 4y + 2az = b$$
2. $$x + 2y + 3z = 4$$
3. $$2x - 5y + 2z = 8$$
We can write this in matrix form :
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & 2a \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 2 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} b \\ 4 \\ 8 \end{bmatrix} $$
First, we need to find the determinant of the coefficient matrix, which we'll call Δ. The coefficient matrix is :
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & 2a \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 2 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix} $$
We find its determinant for 3 $$ \times $$ 3 matrices :
$$ \Delta = 2(2)(2) + 4(3)(2) + 2a(1)(-5) - 2a(2)(2) - 4(1)(2) - 2(3)(-5) $$
$$ \Delta = 8 + 24 - 10a - 8a - 8 + 30 $$
$$ \Delta = -18a + 54 $$
$$ \Delta = -18(a - 3) $$
Next, we substitute the third column of our matrix with the column of constants (b, 4, 8) and calculate the determinant Δ₃ :
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & b \\ 1 & 2 & 4 \\ 2 & -5 & 8 \end{bmatrix} $$
We find its determinant :
$$ \Delta_3 = 2(2)(8) + 4(4)(2) + b(1)(-5) - b(2)(2) - 4(1)(8) - 2(4)(-5) $$
$$ \Delta_3 = 32 + 32 - 5b - 4b - 32 + 40 $$
$$ \Delta_3 = -9b + 72 $$
$$ \Delta_3 = 9(8 - b) $$
Now, let's analyze the options :
1. For a=3 and b=8, we have Δ = 0 and Δ₃ = 0, which indicates an infinite number of solutions.
2. For a=3 and b=6, we have Δ = 0 and Δ₃ ≠ 0, which indicates no solution.
3. For a=8 and b=8, we have Δ ≠ 0, which indicates a unique solution.
4. For a=6 and b=6, we have Δ ≠ 0, which indicates a unique solution.
Therefore, the statement that is NOT correct is Option B: "It has infinitely many solutions if a=3, b=6", because in this case the system actually has no solution.
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