JEE MAIN - Mathematics (2019 - 12th April Evening Slot - No. 4)

Let $$a \in \left( {0,{\pi \over 2}} \right)$$ be fixed. If the integral

$$\int {{{\tan x + \tan \alpha } \over {\tan x - \tan \alpha }}} dx$$ = A(x) cos 2$$\alpha $$ + B(x) sin 2$$\alpha $$ + C, where C is a

constant of integration, then the functions A(x) and B(x) are respectively :
$$x - \alpha $$ and $${\log _e}\left| {\cos \left( {x - \alpha } \right)} \right|$$
$$x + \alpha $$ and $${\log _e}\left| {\sin \left( {x - \alpha } \right)} \right|$$
$$x + \alpha $$ and $${\log _e}\left| {\sin \left( {x + \alpha } \right)} \right|$$
$$x - \alpha $$ and $${\log _e}\left| {\sin \left( {x - \alpha } \right)} \right|$$

Explanation

To solve the given integral, first we simplify the expression in the integral as follows :

$$\int {{{\tan x + \tan \alpha } \over {\tan x - \tan \alpha }}} dx = \int {{{\sin x \over \cos x} + {\sin \alpha \over \cos \alpha }} \over {{\sin x \over \cos x} - {\sin \alpha \over \cos \alpha }}} dx$$

Simplifying further, this becomes :

$$\int {{{\sin x\cos \alpha + \sin \alpha \cos x} \over {\sin x\cos \alpha - \sin \alpha \cos x}}} dx$$

By using the formula for sin(a + b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b and sin(a - b) = sin a cos b - cos a sin b, we get :

$$\int {{{\sin(x + \alpha)}} \over {\sin(x - \alpha)}} dx$$

Now, let's use the substitution method. Let t = x - α, therefore x = y + α and dx = dt. Substituting these values into the integral, we get :

= $$\int {{{\sin(t + 2\alpha)}} \over {\sin y}} dy$$

$$ \begin{aligned} & =\int \frac{\sin t \cos 2 \alpha+\sin 2 \alpha \cos t}{\sin t} d t \\\\ & =\int\left(\cos 2 \alpha+\sin 2 \alpha \frac{\cos t}{\sin t}\right) d t \end{aligned} $$

$$ \begin{aligned} & =t(\cos 2 \alpha)+(\sin 2 \alpha) \log _e|\sin t|+C \\\\ & =(x-\alpha) \cos 2 \alpha+(\sin 2 \alpha) \log _e|\sin (x-\alpha)|+C \\\\ & =A(x) \cos 2 \alpha+B(x) \sin 2 \alpha+C \text { (given) } \end{aligned} $$

Now on comparing, we get

$$ A(x)=x-\alpha \text { and } B(x)=\log _e|\sin (x-\alpha)| $$

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