JEE MAIN - Mathematics (2017 (Offline) - No. 9)
For three events A, B and C,
P(Exactly one of A or B occurs)
= P(Exactly one of B or C occurs)
= P (Exactly one of C or A occurs) = $${1 \over 4}$$
and P(All the three events occur simultaneously) = $${1 \over {16}}$$.
Then the probability that at least one of the events occurs, is :
P(Exactly one of A or B occurs)
= P(Exactly one of B or C occurs)
= P (Exactly one of C or A occurs) = $${1 \over 4}$$
and P(All the three events occur simultaneously) = $${1 \over {16}}$$.
Then the probability that at least one of the events occurs, is :
$${7 \over {16}}$$
$${7 \over {64}}$$
$${3 \over {16}}$$
$${7 \over {32}}$$
Explanation
Given, P (A $$ \cap $$ B $$ \cap $$ C) = $${1 \over {16}}$$
P (exactly one of A or B occurs)
= P(A) + P (B) – 2P (A $$ \cap $$ B) = $${1 \over 4}$$ .....(1)
P (Exactly one of B or C occurs)
= P(B) + P (C) – 2P (B $$ \cap $$ C) = $${1 \over 4}$$ .....(2)
P (Exactly one of C or A occurs)
= P(C) + P(A) – 2P (C $$ \cap $$ A) = $${1 \over 4}$$ .....(3)
Adding (1), (2) and (3),we get
2[ P(A) + P(B) + P (C) - P (A $$ \cap $$ B)
- P (B $$ \cap $$ C) - P (C $$ \cap $$ A)] = $${3 \over 4}$$
$$ \Rightarrow $$ P(A) + P(B) + P (C) - P (A $$ \cap $$ B)
- P (B $$ \cap $$ C) - P (C $$ \cap $$ A) = $${3 \over 8}$$
$$ \therefore $$ P(atleast one event occurs)
= P (A $$ \cup $$ B $$ \cup $$ C)
= P(A) + P(B) + P (C) - P (A $$ \cap $$ B)
- P (B $$ \cap $$ C) - P (C $$ \cap $$ A) + P (A $$ \cap $$ B $$ \cap $$ C)
= $${3 \over 8} + {1 \over {16}}$$ = $${7 \over {16}}$$
P (exactly one of A or B occurs)
= P(A) + P (B) – 2P (A $$ \cap $$ B) = $${1 \over 4}$$ .....(1)
P (Exactly one of B or C occurs)
= P(B) + P (C) – 2P (B $$ \cap $$ C) = $${1 \over 4}$$ .....(2)
P (Exactly one of C or A occurs)
= P(C) + P(A) – 2P (C $$ \cap $$ A) = $${1 \over 4}$$ .....(3)
Adding (1), (2) and (3),we get
2[ P(A) + P(B) + P (C) - P (A $$ \cap $$ B)
- P (B $$ \cap $$ C) - P (C $$ \cap $$ A)] = $${3 \over 4}$$
$$ \Rightarrow $$ P(A) + P(B) + P (C) - P (A $$ \cap $$ B)
- P (B $$ \cap $$ C) - P (C $$ \cap $$ A) = $${3 \over 8}$$
$$ \therefore $$ P(atleast one event occurs)
= P (A $$ \cup $$ B $$ \cup $$ C)
= P(A) + P(B) + P (C) - P (A $$ \cap $$ B)
- P (B $$ \cap $$ C) - P (C $$ \cap $$ A) + P (A $$ \cap $$ B $$ \cap $$ C)
= $${3 \over 8} + {1 \over {16}}$$ = $${7 \over {16}}$$
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