JEE MAIN - Chemistry (2025 - 4th April Evening Shift - No. 15)
Consider the given data :
(a) $\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{g})+10 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow \mathrm{HCl} .10 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \Delta \mathrm{H}=-69.01 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$
(b) $\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{g})+40 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow \mathrm{HCl} .40 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \Delta \mathrm{H}=-72.79 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$
Choose the correct statement :
Explanation
From the given information
$\Delta \mathrm{H}$ is negative so it means dissolution of gas $\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{g})$ is exothermic.
$$\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{~g})+10 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow \mathrm{HCl} .10 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\quad\text{..... (1)}$$
$$\begin{aligned} & \Delta \mathrm{H}_1=-69.01 \frac{\mathrm{~kJ}}{\mathrm{~mol}} \\ & \mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{~g})+40 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow \mathrm{HCl} .40 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\quad\text{..... (2)} \end{aligned}$$
$$\Delta \mathrm{H}_2=-72.79 \frac{\mathrm{~kJ}}{\mathrm{~mol}}$$
Hence heat of solution depends upon amount of solvent
By equation ............. (2) $-$ equation ........... (1)
$$\mathrm{HCl} .10 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}+30 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\ell) \rightarrow \mathrm{HCl} .40 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$$
So Heat of dilution $=-72.79-(-69.01)$
$$=-3.78 \frac{\mathrm{~kJ}}{\mathrm{~mol}}$$
Hence option (3) is incorrect.
For heat of formation reactant should be in elemental form hence option (4) is incorrect
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