JEE MAIN - Chemistry (2025 - 2nd April Morning Shift - No. 2)
$$\mathrm{CaCO}_3(\mathrm{~s})+2 \mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{CaCl}_2(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{CO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})$$
Consider the above reaction, what mass of $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$ will be formed if 250 mL of 0.76 M HCl reacts with 1000 g of $\mathrm{CaCO}_3$ ?
(Given : Molar mass of $\mathrm{Ca}, \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{H}$ and Cl are $40,12,16,1$ and $35.5 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$, respectively)
Explanation
The reaction is:
$ \mathrm{CaCO}_3(\mathrm{s}) + 2\mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{CaCl}_2(\mathrm{aq}) + \mathrm{CO}_2(\mathrm{g}) + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) $
Calculate Moles of $\mathrm{CaCO}_3$:
The molar mass of $\mathrm{CaCO}_3$ is calculated as
$ 40 + 12 + 3 \times 16 = 100 \ \mathrm{g/mol} $
Given 1000 g of $\mathrm{CaCO}_3$, the number of moles is
$ \frac{1000}{100} = 10 \ \mathrm{moles} $
Calculate Moles of $\mathrm{HCl}$:
Using the given concentration and volume for $\mathrm{HCl}$, the moles are calculated as follows:
$ 0.76 \times \frac{250}{1000} = 0.19 \ \mathrm{moles} $
$\mathrm{HCl}$ is the limiting reagent (L.R.) because it has fewer moles than needed to completely react with the $\mathrm{CaCO}_3$.
Calculate Moles of $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$ Formed:
According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, 2 moles of $\mathrm{HCl}$ produce 1 mole of $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$. Therefore, the moles of $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$ formed are:
$ \frac{0.19}{2} = 0.095 \ \mathrm{moles} $
Calculate Mass of $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$:
The molar mass of $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$ is:
$ 40 + 2 \times 35.5 = 111 \ \mathrm{g/mol} $
Thus, the mass of $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$ is:
$ 0.095 \times 111 = 10.545 \ \mathrm{g} $
Hence, the mass of $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$ formed is 10.545 g.
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