JEE MAIN - Chemistry (2025 - 29th January Evening Shift - No. 20)
$\mathrm{O}_2$ gas will be evolved as a product of electrolysis of :
(A) an aqueous solution of $\mathrm{AgNO}_3$ using silver electrodes.
(B) an aqueous solution of $\mathrm{AgNO}_3$ using platinum electrodes.
(C) a dilute solution of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ using platinum electrodes.
(D) a high concentration solution of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ using platinum electrodes.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Explanation
(A) An aqueous solution of AgNO$_3$ using silver electrodes.
Cathode - Reduction - $$Ag_{(aq)}^ + + {e^ - } \to Ag(s)$$
Anode - Oxidation - $$Ag(s) \to Ag_{(aq)}^ + + {e^ - }$$
Solid silver will be deposited at the cathode. Solid anode (silver) will dissolve, releasing silver ions into the solution.
So, there is no formation of O$_2$ gas in this electrolysis.
(B) An aqueous solution of AgNO$_3$ using platinum electrodes.
Cathode - Reduction - $$Ag_{(aq)}^ + + {e^ - } \to Ag(s)$$
Anode - Oxidation - $$2{H_2}O \to 4{H^ + } + {O_2} + 4{e^ - }$$
When platinum electrodes are used, Ag$^+$ from solution is reduced and deposited at cathode whereas O$_2$ is produced at the anode.
(C) A dilute soution of H$_2$SO$_4$ using platinum electrodes.
Cathode - Reduction - $$2{H^ + } + 2{e^ - } \to {H_2}$$
Anode - Oxidation - $$2{H_2}O \to {O_2} + 4{H^ + } + 4{e^ - }$$
H$_2$ gas is produded at the cathode and O$_2$ gas is produced at the anode.
(D) a high concentration solution of H$_2$SO$_4$ using platinum electrodes.
O$_2$ gas is not formed in this case.
Cathode - Reduction - The substance formed is H$_2$ gas.
Anode - Oxidation - The substance formed is not O$_2$ gas.
So, statements (B) and (C) are correct.
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