JEE MAIN - Chemistry (2024 - 6th April Evening Shift - No. 24)
Explanation
To determine the kinetic energy (K.E.) of an electron in the first excited state of a hydrogen atom, we need to understand the relationship between the total energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy in an atom.
In a hydrogen atom, the total energy (E) of an electron in the nth state is given by:
$$E_n = - \frac{13.6}{n^2} \mathrm{~eV}$$
For the first excited state, $ n = 2 $. So, plugging in the value:
$$E_2 = - \frac{13.6}{2^2} = - \frac{13.6}{4} = - 3.4 \mathrm{~eV}$$
This value represents the total energy (E) of the electron in the first excited state. According to the virial theorem for an electron in a Coulomb potential (as in a hydrogen atom), the kinetic energy (K.E.) is equal to the negative of the total energy:
$$\mathrm{K.E.} = - E$$
Substituting the total energy we calculated:
$$\mathrm{K.E.} = - (-3.4) = 3.4 \mathrm{~eV}$$
Now, we need to find the value of $$x$$ in the form of $$x \times 10^{-1} \mathrm{~eV}$$.
$$3.4 \mathrm{~eV} = 34 \times 10^{-1} \mathrm{~eV}$$
Therefore, the value of $$x$$ is 34.
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