JEE MAIN - Chemistry (2024 - 5th April Evening Shift - No. 15)
The number of ions from the following that have the ability to liberate hydrogen from a dilute acid is _________.
$$\mathrm{Ti}^{2+}, \mathrm{Cr}^{2+} \text { and } \mathrm{V}^{2+}$$
Explanation
To determine the ability of the ions to liberate hydrogen from a dilute acid, we need to understand the standard electrode potentials of these ions in comparison to hydrogen. The standard electrode potential of hydrogen ($$\mathrm{H}^{+}/\mathrm{H}_{2}$$) is set at 0 volts. Any metal ion with a negative standard reduction potential compared to hydrogen has the ability to liberate hydrogen gas from dilute acids because they are more likely to donate electrons to the $$\mathrm{H}^{+}$$ ions found in acids, reducing them to $$\mathrm{H}_{2}$$ gas.
The standard reduction potentials for the ions mentioned are as follows:
- $$\mathrm{Ti}^{2+}/\mathrm{Ti}$$ is more negative than that of $$\mathrm{H}^{+}/\mathrm{H}_{2}$$.
- $$\mathrm{Cr}^{2+}/\mathrm{Cr}$$ also has a more negative standard reduction potential compared to $$\mathrm{H}^{+}/\mathrm{H}_{2}$$.
- The standard reduction potential for $$\mathrm{V}^{2+}/\mathrm{V}$$ is similarly more negative than that of $$\mathrm{H}^{+}/\mathrm{H}_{2}$$.
Due to their negative standard reduction potentials relative to hydrogen, all three ions ($$\mathrm{Ti}^{2+}, \mathrm{Cr}^{2+}, \mathrm{V}^{2+}$$) have the capacity to liberate hydrogen from a dilute acid. Therefore, the correct answer is:
Option C: 3
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