JEE MAIN - Chemistry (2024 - 1st February Evening Shift - No. 18)
Statement (I) : Both metals and non-metals exist in p and d-block elements.
Statement (II) : Non-metals have higher ionisation enthalpy and higher electronegativity than the metals.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Explanation
To answer this question, let's investigate both statements in detail.
Statement (I): Both metals and non-metals exist in p and d-block elements.
The periodic table is divided into blocks based on the electron configuration of the elements. These blocks are labeled s, p, d, and f. The p-block contains a mix of metals, non-metals, and metalloids. For example, the p-block contains nonmetals such as oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N), as well as metals like aluminum (Al) and lead (Pb).
The d-block, also known as the transition metals block, primarily consists of metals. However, the d-block does not typically contain elements that are traditionally classified as non-metals. The elements in the d-block have a wide range of properties but are generally characterized by their metallic traits such as conductivity and malleability.
Therefore, Statement I is not entirely true because while both metals and nonmetals exist in the p-block of the periodic table, the d-block is principally composed of metals.
Statement (II): Non-metals have higher ionisation enthalpy and higher electronegativity than the metals.
Ionization enthalpy (or ionization energy) is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. Non-metals generally have higher ionization energies compared to metals because non-metals have more tightly bound electrons to their nucleus. This is partly due to the fact that non-metals tend to have higher electronegativities and smaller atomic radii, meaning that their outer electrons are closer to the nucleus and more strongly attracted to it.
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and bond with electrons. Non-metals have higher electronegativities typically because they are more eager to gain electrons to achieve a full valence shell, reflecting their position on the right side of the periodic table. Metals, on the other hand, are more inclined to lose electrons and form positive ions, indicating their lower electronegativities.
Hence, Statement II is true as non-metals indeed have higher ionisation enthalpy and higher electronegativity than metals.
Given the analysis:
- Statement I is not true.
- Statement II is true.
Thus, the most appropriate answer is:
Option C - Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
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