JEE MAIN - Chemistry (2018 - 15th April Evening Slot - No. 19)

Following four solutions are prepared by mixing different volumes of NaOH and HCl of different concentrations, pH of which one of them will be equal to 1 ?
100 mL $${M \over {10}}$$ HCl + 100 mL $${M \over {10}}$$ NaOH
75 mL $${M \over {5}}$$ HCl + 25 mL $${M \over {5}}$$ NaOH
60 mL $${M \over {10}}$$ HCl + 40 mL $${M \over {10}}$$ NaOH
55 mL $${M \over {10}}$$ HCl + 45 mL $${M \over {10}}$$ NaOH

Explanation

(a)    100 mL  $${M \over {10}}$$ NaOH will nutalise

100 mL   $${M \over {10}}$$ HCl, so number extra

HCl   will remain.

This will be neutral solution

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ pH = 7

(b)    Here 25 mL  $${M \over 5}$$ NaOH   nutralise

25 mL  $${M \over 5}$$ HCl

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ Extra HCl   =   75 $$-$$ 25   =   50 mL

Total volume   =   75 + 25   =   100 mL

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ Milimole of HCl   =   $${{50} \over 5}$$ = 10

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ Concentration of HCl  =  $${{10} \over {100}}$$  = 0.1

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ pH  =  $$-$$ log[H+]  =  $$-$$ log(0.1)  =  1

(c)    HCl left  =  60 $$-$$ 40  =  20 mL

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ milimole of HCl   =   $${{20} \over {10}}$$   =  2

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ Concentration of HCl   =   $${2 \over {100}}$$   =  0.02 M

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ pH  =  $$-$$ log (0.02)   =   1.69

(d)    HCl left  = 55 $$-$$ 45  =  10 mL

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ milimole of HCl   =  $${{10} \over {10}}$$  = 1

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ Concentration of HCl  = $${{1} \over {100}}$$   =  0.01 M

$$\therefore\,\,\,$$ pH = $$-$$ log (0.01) = 2

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