JEE MAIN - Chemistry (2018 (Offline) - No. 21)
For 1 molal aqueous solution of the following compounds, which one will show the highest freezing
point?
[Co(H2O)3 Cl3].3H2O
[Co(H2O)6] Cl3
[Co(H2O)5 Cl] Cl2.H2O
[Co(H2O)4 Cl2] Cl.2H2O
Explanation
We know,
$$\Delta {T_f}\, = \,im{K_f}$$
Where
$$\Delta {T_f}\, = \,$$ Depression in freezing point
i = no of ions or molecule
m = molality of solute
Kf = freezing point depression constant.
In this question m = 1 and Kf is constant.
So, $$\Delta {T_f}\,\, \propto \,\,i$$
Which solutions have more i, those solutions $$\Delta {T_f}\,$$ will be more.
Now,
Freezing point of a aqueous solution $${f_p} = \, - \,\Delta {T_f}$$
So, those solutions have more $$\Delta {T_f}$$ will have less freezing point
and $$\Delta {T_f}$$ will be more when value of i is more.
Now, for,
[ Co (H2O)6] Cl3 $$\rightleftharpoons$$ [ Co(H2O)6]3+ + 3Cl$$-$$
Value of i = 4 (no. of ions), 3 ions of Cl$$-$$
and one ion of [ Co (H2O)6]3+
[ Co (H2O)5 Cl ] Cl2 . H2O $$\rightleftharpoons$$ [ Co (H2O)5 Cl ]2+ + 2Cl$$-$$
Value of i = 3
[ Co (H2O)4 Cl2 ] Cl . 2H2O $$\rightleftharpoons$$ [ Co (H2O)4 Cl2 ] + + Cl$$-$$
Value of i = 2
and [ Co(H2O)3 Cl ] . 3H2O do not show ionization.
So, i = 1.
As, [ Co (H2O)3 Cl ]. 3H2O have lowest value of i,
So, it's freezing point will be maximum.
$$\Delta {T_f}\, = \,im{K_f}$$
Where
$$\Delta {T_f}\, = \,$$ Depression in freezing point
i = no of ions or molecule
m = molality of solute
Kf = freezing point depression constant.
In this question m = 1 and Kf is constant.
So, $$\Delta {T_f}\,\, \propto \,\,i$$
Which solutions have more i, those solutions $$\Delta {T_f}\,$$ will be more.
Now,
Freezing point of a aqueous solution $${f_p} = \, - \,\Delta {T_f}$$
So, those solutions have more $$\Delta {T_f}$$ will have less freezing point
and $$\Delta {T_f}$$ will be more when value of i is more.
Now, for,
[ Co (H2O)6] Cl3 $$\rightleftharpoons$$ [ Co(H2O)6]3+ + 3Cl$$-$$
Value of i = 4 (no. of ions), 3 ions of Cl$$-$$
and one ion of [ Co (H2O)6]3+
[ Co (H2O)5 Cl ] Cl2 . H2O $$\rightleftharpoons$$ [ Co (H2O)5 Cl ]2+ + 2Cl$$-$$
Value of i = 3
[ Co (H2O)4 Cl2 ] Cl . 2H2O $$\rightleftharpoons$$ [ Co (H2O)4 Cl2 ] + + Cl$$-$$
Value of i = 2
and [ Co(H2O)3 Cl ] . 3H2O do not show ionization.
So, i = 1.
As, [ Co (H2O)3 Cl ]. 3H2O have lowest value of i,
So, it's freezing point will be maximum.
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