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JEE MAIN - Chemistry (2008 - No. 4)

The correct decreasing order of priority for the functional groups of organic compounds in the IUPAC system of nomenclature is
−COOH, −SO3H, −CONH2, −CHO
−SO3H, −COOH, −CONH2, −CHO
−CHO, −COOH, −SO3H, −CONH2
−CONH2, −CHO, −SO3H, −COOH

Explanation

The correct order of priority for the given functional group is

AIEEE 2008 Chemistry - Basics of Organic Chemistry Question 237 English Explanation 1
Functional group (priority order) suffix(s) prefix
(1) AIEEE 2008 Chemistry - Basics of Organic Chemistry Question 237 English Explanation 2 Oic acid(when carbon(C) of this functional group present in the main chain)
or
Carboxylic acid (when carbon(C) of this functional group is not present in the main chain) 		Carboxy
(2) AIEEE 2008 Chemistry - Basics of Organic Chemistry Question 237 English Explanation 3 sulphonic acid sulpho
(3) AIEEE 2008 Chemistry - Basics of Organic Chemistry Question 237 English Explanation 4 Oic anhydrid (when carbon(C) of this functional group present in the main chain)
or
Carboxylic anhydride (when carbon(C) of this functional group is not present in the main chain) 		$$ - $$
(4) AIEEE 2008 Chemistry - Basics of Organic Chemistry Question 237 English Explanation 5 Oate (when carbon(C) of this functional group present in the main chain)
or
Carboxylate (when carbon(C) of this functional group is not present in the main chain) 		$$ - $$
(5) AIEEE 2008 Chemistry - Basics of Organic Chemistry Question 237 English Explanation 6 Oyl halide (when carbon(C) of this functional group present in the main chain)
or
Carboxyl halide (when carbon(C) of this functional group is not present in the main chain) 		haloflormyl
(6) AIEEE 2008 Chemistry - Basics of Organic Chemistry Question 237 English Explanation 7 amide (when carbon(C) of this functional group present in the main chain)
or
carbamide (when carbon(C) of this functional group is not present in the main chain) 		carbamoyl
(7) cynide ($$ - $$ C $$ \equiv $$ N) nitrile (when carbon(C) of this functional group present in the main chain)
or
carbonitrile (when carbon(C) of this functional group is not present in the main chain) 		cyano
(8) AIEEE 2008 Chemistry - Basics of Organic Chemistry Question 237 English Explanation 8 Carbylamine isocyano
(9) AIEEE 2008 Chemistry - Basics of Organic Chemistry Question 237 English Explanation 9 al (when carbon(C) of this functional group present in the main chain)
or
Carbaldehyde (when carbon(C) of this functional group is not present in the main chain) 		formyl (oxo)
(10) AIEEE 2008 Chemistry - Basics of Organic Chemistry Question 237 English Explanation 10 one oxo
(11) $$ - $$ OH ol hydroxy
(12) $$ - $$ SH thiol mercapto
(13) $$ - $$ NH$$_2$$ amine amino

From this table you can see -COOH has highest priority and -NH2 has lowest priority among all functional groups.

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