Fascism and Nazism were two far-right political ideologies that rose to prominence in Europe during the interwar period. Promoted by Benito Mussolini in Italy. He founded the National Fascist Party in 1921 and became the dictator of Italy. Nazism, short for National Socialism, was the German variant of fascism promoted by Adolf Hitler. While similar to Italian fascism in its authoritarianism, Nazism placed a much heavier emphasis on racial purity and the superiority of the "Aryan" race.