The citizenship of a country can be acquired through birth and naturalization. Citizenship by birth is acquired automatically when a person is born within a country's territory, or through descent if one or both parents are citizens of that country. The specifics can vary depending on the country's laws, but birthright citizenship is a common method worldwide.

Citizenship by naturalisation is granted to a foreign national after they fulfil certain criteria set by the country's laws, such as residing in the country for a specific period, demonstrating knowledge of the language, taking an oath of allegiance and understanding the country's constitution and laws.