The question "Therefore in the resurrection, whose wife shall she be of the seven? For they all had her." was asked by the Sadducees. This is found in:

Matthew 22:23–28 (RSV)
"The same day Sadducees came to him, who say that there is no resurrection; and they asked him a question..."

The Sadducees did not believe in the resurrection of the dead, so they posed this hypothetical question to challenge Jesus and ridicule the idea of resurrection.