After the fall of the united Kingdom of Israel (under Saul, David, and Solomon), the kingdom split into two parts:

• The Northern Kingdom (Israel)
• The Southern Kingdom (Judah)

Jeroboam was the first king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel after the division (1 Kings 12:20). He played a significant role in shaping Israel's history, though he led the people into idolatry by setting up golden calves in Bethel and Dan (1 Kings 12:26-30).