JAMB - Chemistry (2006 - No. 32)
The order in which a mixture of sand, ammonium chloride and sodium chloride can be separated is
dissolution → dryness → filtration → evaporation
filtration → sublimation → evaporation → dryness
sublimation → dissolution → filtration → evaporation
dissolution → filtration → sublimation → evaporation
Explanation
To separate sand, NH₄Cl, and NaCl, you can use sublimation to isolate NH₄Cl, followed by dissolving the remaining mixture in water, filtering out the sand, and then evaporating the solution to recover NaCl.
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- Sublimation of NH₄Cl
- Heat the mixture of sand, NH₄Cl, and NaCl in a china dish covered with a funnel (plugged with cotton).
- NH₄Cl will sublime (transform directly from solid to gas) and condense on the cooler surface of the funnel, leaving behind a mixture of sand and NaCl.
- Collect the NH₄Cl from the funnel walls.
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Dissolving and Filtering:
- Add water to the remaining mixture of sand and NaCl.
- NaCl will dissolve in water, while sand will remain undissolved.
- Filter the mixture to separate the sand from the NaCl solution.
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3. Evaporating the NaCl Solution:
- Evaporate the water from the NaCl solution, leaving behind solid NaCl crystals.
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