Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed the theory of use and disuse of organs, also known as Lamarckism

Darwin's theory of evolution, also known as Darwinism, explains how species evolve over time through natural selection.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck repeated the ancient folk wisdom of the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

De Vries held that new species arrive suddenly and without prior precedent through the process of mutation. The mutation Theory of Evolution was proposed by Hugo de Vries.