Ecological management and conservation involve strategies and practices aimed at preserving and protecting natural ecosystems and their biodiversity. Among the options provided, the establishment of marine protected areas is an example of such management and conservation through a biological association.

Establishing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is a vital tool for ecological management and conservation, particularly through the principles of biological association. MPAs help to safeguard marine ecosystems by controlling human activities, promoting the recovery of overexploited species, and conserving or restoring habitats and food webs. By protecting areas where species interact and depend on each other, MPAs contribute to the overall health and resilience of marine ecosystems.