JAMB - Biology (2006 - No. 21)
Which of the following vertebrates has the most simple structured heart?
reptile
fish
mammal
amphibian
Explanation
The correct answer is option B - Fish
Fishes have a two-chambered heart, which is the simplest structure among vertebrates. This two-chambered heart consists of:
1. Atrium (single atrium)
2. Ventricle (single ventricle)
This simple heart structure is sufficient for fish because they have:
- A relatively slow metabolism
- A simple circulatory system
- Gills for oxygen exchange, which don't require a complex heart structure
In contrast, the other options have more complex heart structures:
A. Reptiles: three-chambered heart (two atria, one ventricle)
C. Mammals: four-chambered heart (two atria, two ventricles)
D. Amphibians: three-chambered heart (two atria, one ventricle)
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