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Essential Chemistry for IGCSE - Organic Chemistry And Petrochemicals (Section 3)

1
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the boiling point of a hydrocarbon?
Answer
(B)
Type of functional group
2
Which of the following is a use for kerosene?
Answer
(B)
Fuel for aircraft
3
Which of the following statements are true regarding the composition of crude oil?
Answer
A
B
4
What type of force is primarily responsible for the attraction between hydrocarbon molecules?
Answer
(C)
Van der Waals forces
5
What does the term 'fraction' refer to in the context of fractional distillation of crude oil?
Answer
(B)
A mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points.
6
What type of reaction occurs when an alkene is converted to an alkane?
Answer
(A)
Addition
7
What is the name given to an alkyl group with 3 carbon atoms?
Answer
(C)
Propyl
8
What is the main purpose of a catalytic converter in a car's exhaust system?
Answer
(B)
To reduce the emission of pollutants.
9
What is the process called when a fuel burns without enough oxygen?
Answer
(B)
Incomplete combustion
10
Which of the following is a key advantage of using natural gas as a fuel?
Answer
(C)
It burns cleaner than oil.
11
Which fraction from crude oil is primarily used to make aircraft fuel?
Answer
(C)
Kerosene
12
Which of the following is a major advantage of using natural gas instead of coal to produce electricity?
Answer
(B)
Natural gas produces less carbon dioxide per unit of energy produced.
13
Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
Answer
(D)
Ethene
14
What is the primary hazard associated with incomplete combustion?
Answer
(C)
Production of carbon monoxide
15
Which of the following is the main difference between alkanes and alkenes?
Answer
(B)
Alkanes have single bonds, alkenes have double bonds.
16
Which fraction of crude oil would be least viscous?
Answer
(C)
Gasoline
17
Which of the following best describes the behavior of hydrocarbons at the top of the fractionating column?
Answer
(B)
Low boiling point, vapor form
18
Which of the following are considered fossil fuels?
Answer
A
B
C
19
Which of the following would be the most appropriate use for the fuel oil fraction from crude oil?
Answer
(C)
Fuel for ships and power stations
20
Which of the following is a key step in catalytic cracking?
Answer
(B)
Using a catalyst to break down large hydrocarbons.
21
Which of the following is a source of hydrocarbons?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
22
Which one of the following is an alkane?
Answer
(C)
C2H6
23
Which of the following will be the main components of the fraction obtained from petroleum, used in aircrafts?
Answer
(C)
Kerosene
24
Which of the following is the correct order of fractions obtained from fractional distillation from top to bottom (decreasing boiling point)?
Answer
(A)
Refinery gas, gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, bitumen
25
What does 'R' represent in the general formula of organic compounds?
Answer
(C)
An alkyl group
26
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the number of carbon atoms and boiling point within a homologous series of alkanes?
Answer
(D)
As the number of carbon atoms increases, the boiling point increases.
27
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the properties of fractions obtained from fractional distillation?
Answer
(B)
Each fraction has specific properties
28
Which of the following are fractions obtained from fractional distillation of crude oil?
Answer
A
C
D
29
Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding the use of fractional distillation?
Answer
A
B
D
30
Which of the following is considered a 'clean fuel' and produces the least amount of pollutants upon combustion?
Answer
(B)
Natural gas
31
What is the name of the process used to increase the yield of gasoline from crude oil?
Answer
(B)
Cracking
32
Which functional group is present in an ester?
Answer
(B)
-COOR
33
Which prefix indicates a hydrocarbon with five carbon atoms?
Answer
(D)
pent-
34
Which of the following is NOT a use of fractions obtained from crude oil?
Answer
(D)
Detergents
35
What is the main component of natural gas?
Answer
(C)
Methane
36
What functional group is characteristic of alcohols?
Answer
(B)
-OH
37
What is the main use of bitumen?
Answer
(C)
Road surfacing
38
What is the name of the process that separates crude oil into different fractions?
Answer
(B)
Fractional distillation
39
What is the main purpose of fractional distillation in the petroleum industry?
Answer
(B)
To separate crude oil into different fractions based on boiling points.
40
Which of the following is the general formula for alkanes?
Answer
(A)
CnH2n+2
41
Why is crude oil a valuable resource?
Answer
A
B
D
42
What is the functional group of an alkene?
Answer
(A)
C=C
43
Why are hydrocarbons considered good fuels?
Answer
(B)
They release a large amount of energy upon combustion.
44
What is cracking?
Answer
(B)
A process of breaking long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter ones.
45
Which of the following fractions has the lowest boiling point in fractional distillation of crude oil?
Answer
(A)
Refinery gas
46
Which of the following substances is likely to be used as a fuel?
Answer
A
B
C
47
What is the name of the hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10?
Answer
(D)
Butane
48
What is an isomer?
Answer
(A)
A compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
49
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a homologous series?
Answer
(D)
Compounds have significantly different physical properties.
50
Which of the following is the main reason that fractional distillation works to separate crude oil?
Answer
(B)
Different hydrocarbon molecules have different boiling points.