Essential Chemistry for IGCSE - Organic Chemistry And Petrochemicals (Section 1)
1
Which of the following is NOT a component of crude oil?
Answer
(D)
Water
2
What do hydrocarbons and hydrogen have in common?
Answer
A
B
C
3
Which of the following are characteristics of homologous series?
Answer
A
B
C
4
Which of the following statements describes a functional group?
Answer
(B)
A group of atoms responsible for a compound's characteristic chemical reactions.
5
What is a common use for the diesel oil fraction?
Answer
(C)
Fuel for ships and trucks
6
Which of the following statements correctly describe the process of fractional distillation?
Answer
A
B
7
In fractional distillation, where in the fractionating column do the hydrocarbons with the highest boiling points condense?
Answer
(C)
The bottom of the column
8
Which of the following fractions from the fractional distillation of crude oil are used as fuels?
Answer
A
B
C
9
What are the products of the complete combustion of methane?
Answer
(B)
Carbon dioxide and water
10
The process of separating crude oil into different fractions based on boiling points is called:
Answer
(C)
Fractional distillation
11
Which of the following fractions of crude oil is used as the raw material for the production of plastics?
Answer
(C)
Naphtha
12
Which of the following statements is correct about fractional distillation?
Answer
(A)
Smaller molecules condense at lower temperatures.
13
What is the name of the process by which alkanes are converted into alkenes?
Answer
(B)
Cracking
14
Which of the following is the correct formula for the alkane containing four carbon atoms?
Answer
(B)
C4H10
15
Which of the following is a primary environmental concern associated with the use of fossil fuels?
Answer
(D)
All of the above.
16
Which fraction of crude oil has the highest viscosity?
Answer
(D)
Bitumen
17
What does the term 'saturated' mean when referring to hydrocarbons?
Answer
(C)
The hydrocarbon has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible.
18
Which of the following fuels is considered the most environmentally friendly?
Answer
(D)
Hydrogen
19
Which of the following is a property of alkanes?
Answer
(B)
They are generally unreactive.
20
Which fraction obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil is most suitable for use as a fuel in a diesel engine?
Answer
(C)
Diesel oil
21
What is the process by which long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller, more useful molecules?
Answer
(C)
Cracking
22
Which substance is most likely to be used as a lubricant?
Answer
(B)
Lubricating oil
23
What is the name of the process in which hydrocarbons are heated to high temperatures without oxygen to break them down?
Answer
(A)
Cracking
24
What is the general formula for the homologous series of carboxylic acids?
Answer
(A)
CnH2n+1COOH
25
Which of the following correctly represents the relationship between the number of carbon atoms and the boiling point in a homologous series of alkanes?
Answer
(C)
As the number of carbon atoms increases, the boiling point increases.
26
What is the general formula for alkanes?
Answer
(B)
CnH2n+2
27
What does a catalyst do during the cracking process?
Answer
(A)
Speeds up the reaction
28
Which of the following are components of petroleum?
Answer
A
B
C
29
Which of the following is a product of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
Answer
(B)
Carbon dioxide and water
30
Which of the following gases is released during combustion of fuels that contributes to acid rain?
Answer
(B)
Sulfur dioxide
31
Which of the following is not a product that can be obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil?
Answer
(D)
Ethanol
32
What is the major product obtained from catalytic cracking that makes it an important process?
Answer
(B)
Alkenes
33
What is the purpose of the catalyst in the catalytic cracking process?
Answer
(D)
Both a and b
34
What type of process is cracking?
Answer
(A)
An endothermic process
35
Which of the following hydrocarbons are found in gasoline?
Answer
C
D
36
What is a homologous series?
Answer
(C)
A group of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.
37
What term is used to describe a group of organic molecules with similar chemical properties?
Answer
(C)
Homologous series
38
What is the major constituent of natural gas?
Answer
(C)
Methane
39
Which of the following statements is true regarding the flammability of hydrocarbons?
Answer
(A)
Shorter chain hydrocarbons are more flammable.
40
Which group of compounds is characterized by a -COOH functional group?
Answer
(C)
Carboxylic acids
41
Which of the following will reduce the amount of unburned hydrocarbons released into the atmosphere?
Answer
(B)
Using a catalyst in a catalytic converter.
42
Which of the following statements is true regarding the general properties of homologous series?
Answer
(C)
They show a gradual change in physical properties.
43
Which is NOT a product of fractional distillation?
Answer
(D)
Plastic
44
What is the name of the alkane that has 5 carbon atoms?
Answer
(D)
Pentane
45
What is the general formula for an alcohol?
Answer
(A)
R-OH
46
Which of the following is a major advantage of using natural gas as a fuel?
Answer
(D)
It produces less pollution than coal.
47
Which of the following is a key product of the cracking process, used for making polymers?
Answer
(B)
Alkenes
48
What is the name of the process used to convert long-chain alkanes into smaller, more valuable hydrocarbons, including alkenes?
Answer
(C)
Cracking
49
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a homologous series?
Answer
(D)
Members have different functional groups.
50
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using fuels that burn efficiently?
