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Essential Chemistry for IGCSE - Air And Water (Section 7)

1
What type of radiation is largely absorbed by the Earth's surface?
Answer
(A)
Infrared radiation
2
Which of the following gases make up the air?
Answer
A
B
C
3
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the destruction of ozone layer?
Answer
(D)
Reduction in greenhouse gasses.
4
Which of the following is produced in respiration?
Answer
(D)
Carbon Dioxide
5
Which is a process in the water treatment to remove bacteria?
Answer
(B)
Chlorination
6
What is the primary role of the glucose formed during photosynthesis?
Answer
(A)
To be used for plant growth and respiration
7
How does the greenhouse effect contribute to climate change?
Answer
(C)
By trapping heat in the atmosphere.
8
What do high levels of nitrogen oxides contribute to?
Answer
(B)
Acid rain
9
What is the chemical process that occurs when iron rusts?
Answer
(A)
Oxidation
10
What type of air pollution is primarily produced by industrial processes?
Answer
(B)
Sulfur dioxide
11
What percentage of Earth's freshwater is available for human use?
Answer
(C)
5%
12
What is the result of high levels of CO2 in the atmosphere?
Answer
(C)
Global warming.
13
What is the main result of an increase in greenhouse gasses?
Answer
(B)
An increase in Earth's average temperature
14
In the context of the carbon cycle, what is primarily produced during respiration?
Answer
(C)
Carbon dioxide
15
What gas is a major contributor to acid rain?
Answer
(C)
Sulfur Dioxide
16
What is the name of the process where the air is cooled to -27°C to separate the gases within it?
Answer
(B)
Fractional distillation
17
What does the term 'sacrificial protection' mean in the context of preventing rust?
Answer
(B)
The use of a more reactive metal to corrode instead of the iron.
18
What is the function of a catalytic converter in a car's exhaust system?
Answer
(B)
To reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.
19
What gas is a significant contributor to global warming?
Answer
(C)
Carbon dioxide
20
Which of the following is a direct consequence of the melting of the polar ice caps, as a result of global warming?
Answer
(C)
Rising sea levels.
21
What is the name of the process by which the Earth's surface re-emits heat from the sun in the form of long-wavelength radiation?
Answer
(C)
Re-radiation
22
Which two things are needed for rusting to occur?
Answer
(C)
Air and water
23
What type of reaction is primarily responsible for causing the formation of nitrogen oxides in vehicle engines?
Answer
(A)
Combustion
24
What is the primary goal of a modern water treatment plant?
Answer
(C)
To remove bacteria and make the water safe for drinking.
25
What is the main cause of global warming?
Answer
(C)
Burning fossil fuels
26
What is the primary function of a catalytic converter in an engine?
Answer
(A)
To reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides released
27
Which of the following methods can prevent rusting?
Answer
A
B
D
28
What is the name of the process used to separate gases from the air?
Answer
(C)
Fractional Distillation
29
What is one adverse effect of acid rain, as mentioned in the text?
Answer
(B)
Damage to statues and monuments.
30
What is the chemical formula of the acid produced when sulfur dioxide reacts with water?
Answer
(B)
H2SO4
31
Which of the following processes contribute to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Answer
A
C
D
32
Which of the following chemical equations describes the formation of acid rain?
Answer
(A)
SO2 + H2O -> H2SO4
33
Which of the following are directly considered greenhouse gasses?
Answer
A
B
D
34
Which of the following is an effect of acid rain?
Answer
A
B
35
Which of the following is a key condition necessary for iron to rust?
Answer
(C)
Both oxygen and water
36
What is the role of the Earth's ozone layer?
Answer
(C)
To absorb the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays.
37
What is the chemical reaction that produces acid rain?
Answer
(B)
SO2 + H2O -> H2SO4
38
What is the main goal of water purification, as explained in the text?
Answer
(C)
To remove bacteria and harmful substances.
39
What does the increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere cause?
Answer
(C)
Increased global warming
40
Which of the following are components of acid rain?
Answer
A
B
41
What is the primary function of the process of 'denitrification' in the nitrogen cycle?
Answer
(B)
To release nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere.
42
What happens to the Earth because of the greenhouse effect?
Answer
(C)
It warms up.
43
How does the text describe the impact of the greenhouse effect on the Earth's temperature?
Answer
(C)
It keeps the Earth warmer.
44
What is the primary concern regarding the use of fossil fuels, as discussed in the context of air pollution?
Answer
(B)
They release pollutants into the atmosphere.
45
Which of these processes contribute to carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere?
Answer
B
C
D
46
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the greenhouse effect and global warming?
Answer
(A)
The greenhouse effect causes global warming.
47
In what state is the iron protected in sacrificial protection?
Answer
(B)
Reduced
48
What contributes to the formation of acid rain?
Answer
(C)
Fossil fuels and volcanic eruptions
49
The 'Burning fossil fuels' process transfers carbon in what form?
Answer
(C)
Carbon Dioxide
50
What is the chemical formula of sulfuric acid, which is a major component of acid rain?
Answer
(B)
H2SO4