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Essential Chemistry for IGCSE - Acids And Bases (Section 1)

1
What is a salt?
Answer
(A)
A substance formed when an acid reacts with a base
2
Which of the following is a triprotic acid?
Answer
(C)
H₃PO₄
3
What color does phenolphthalein turn in an alkaline solution?
Answer
(D)
Pink
4
Which of the following statements are true about weak acids?
Answer
B
C
5
Which of the following will happen when you dilute a strong acid?
Answer
(A)
The pH will increase.
6
Which of the following is a use for sodium bicarbonate?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
7
How can the pH of a solution be measured precisely?
Answer
(B)
By using a pH meter
8
Which of the following are properties of acids?
Answer
A
B
C
9
What color does methyl orange turn in an acidic solution?
Answer
(A)
Red
10
Which of the following is an example of a weak acid?
Answer
(C)
Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
11
Which of the following describes the relationship between acidity and alkalinity?
Answer
(B)
Acidity is the opposite of alkalinity.
12
What is the role of a universal indicator?
Answer
(B)
To measure the pH of a solution
13
What is an acidic oxide?
Answer
(A)
An oxide that reacts with water to form an acid.
14
In the reaction: 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ -> Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O, what is the salt formed?
Answer
(C)
Na₂SO₄
15
What is an amphiprotic substance?
Answer
(C)
A substance that can act as both an acid and a base.
16
Which of the following is/are examples of a strong acid?
Answer
A
B
D
17
What is the conjugate base of H₂O?
Answer
(B)
OH⁻
18
What happens to the pH when you add an acid to a solution?
Answer
(B)
The pH decreases.
19
Which of the following is a diprotic acid?
Answer
(B)
H₂SO₄
20
Which of the following is formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
21
What ion is responsible for acidic behavior in aqueous solutions?
Answer
(B)
Hydronium (H₃O⁺)
22
What is the result of a neutralization reaction?
Answer
(B)
Salt and water
23
Which compound is used as the standard solution for titration?
Answer
(C)
Potassium hydrogen phthalate
24
What is the common name for sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?
Answer
(B)
Lye
25
Which of the following statements is true regarding weak acids?
Answer
(C)
They only partially dissociate in water.
26
What is the formula for calculating pH?
Answer
(B)
pH = -log [H+]
27
Which of the following is a Brønsted-Lowry base?
Answer
(B)
A proton acceptor
28
What is the product formed when carbon dioxide reacts with water?
Answer
(A)
Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)
29
Which of the following is an example of a Brønsted-Lowry acid?
Answer
(B)
A molecule that donates a proton.
30
What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?
Answer
(C)
A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions in solution
31
What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
Answer
(B)
7
32
What is a neutralization reaction?
Answer
(B)
A reaction between an acid and a base.
33
What is the relationship between the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration and the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration in an aqueous solution?
Answer
(A)
[H+] = [OH-]
34
What is the pH of a 1.0 x 10⁻⁷ M solution of HCl?
Answer
(C)
6.7
35
Which of the following is a property of a base?
Answer
A
C
36
Which of the following is a property shared by strong acids and strong bases?
Answer
(B)
They completely dissociate in water.
37
What is an amphoteric oxide?
Answer
(D)
An oxide that can react with both acids and bases.
38
What can be used to neutralize an acid spill?
Answer
(B)
Base
39
What will be the product(s) of the reaction between an acid and a base?
Answer
(A)
Salt and water
40
What does the term 'acid rain' refer to?
Answer
(C)
Rain with a pH less than 7
41
Which of the following are properties of bases?
Answer
A
C
42
Which of the following pairs of compounds can form a buffer solution?
Answer
(B)
CH₃COOH and CH₃COONa
43
What is the function of an indicator in a titration?
Answer
(C)
To show when the equivalence point is reached.
44
What happens when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Answer
(B)
Magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas are produced.
45
What is the purpose of a buffer solution?
Answer
(B)
To maintain a constant pH
46
Which of the following is NOT a property of acids?
Answer
(D)
They feel slippery.
47
What is the name given to the process where the concentration of an acid or base is precisely determined?
Answer
(B)
Titration
48
Which of the following solutions is acidic?
Answer
(B)
Lemon juice (pH 2)
49
What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?
Answer
(D)
A substance that increases the concentration of OH- ions in solution
50
What type of reaction is shown in the following equation: Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> MgCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)?
Answer
(C)
Single Replacement