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Essential Biochemistry - Water Metabolism (Section 1)

1
What percentage of total body water is typically found in the extracellular compartment?
Answer
(B)
30%
2
In a 70 kg adult, the total body water content is:
Answer
(A)
42 L
3
Source of daily output of water is:
Answer
(D)
All of the above
4
Which of the following is a sign of simple dehydration?
Answer
(C)
Increased ECF osmolality
5
In which compartment is plasma found?
Answer
(C)
Intravascular
6
Which factor is most directly related to the osmotic pressure exerted by a solution?
Answer
(B)
The concentration of osmotically active particles
7
Which of the following is NOT a cause of dehydration?
Answer
(C)
Excessive water intake
8
What is the primary function of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)?
Answer
(B)
Promote sodium and water excretion
9
What is the approximate percentage of total body water in a normal adult?
Answer
(C)
60-70%
10
Which of the following is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
Answer
(C)
Renin
11
What are the two main compartments of total body water?
Answer
(C)
Intracellular and extracellular
12
What is the main cation within the intracellular fluid?
Answer
(B)
Potassium
13
Which of the following is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid?
Answer
(A)
Sodium
14
Which of the following influences the distribution of water?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
15
What type of water loss occurs through the skin and lungs?
Answer
(B)
Insensible
16
Which of the following has greatest water content?
Answer
(A)
Liver
17
Which of the following is NOT a function of water?
Answer
(D)
Storage of energy
18
Which of the following is/are a cause(s) of dehydration?
Answer
A
B
C
19
Which of the following are the symptoms of dehydration?
Answer
A
B
C
D
20
Chief anion of ECF is:
Answer
(A)
Cl-
21
Which of the following has least water content?
Answer
(D)
Adipose tissue
22
What is the approximate daily water loss through insensible water loss via skin and lungs?
Answer
(B)
400 mL
23
What is the primary regulator of oral water intake?
Answer
(A)
Thirst center in the hypothalamus
24
Which condition is often associated with syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)?
Answer
(B)
Overhydration
25
Metabolic water is:
Answer
(C)
Water derived from metabolism
26
Where is the thirst center located in the brain?
Answer
(B)
Hypothalamus
27
What is the normal daily intake of water via drinking?
Answer
(B)
1200 mL
28
Main cation of ICF is
Answer
(B)
K+
29
Main anions of ICF is:
Answer
(C)
HPO4--
30
What type of dehydration occurs due to a pure water deficiency?
Answer
(A)
Simple dehydration
31
What condition results from an excess of water in the body?
Answer
(B)
Overhydration or Water Intoxication
32
Which of the following hormones affects fluid and electrolyte balance?
Answer
(D)
Aldosterone
33
Which of the following is/are the route(s) of water output?
Answer
A
B
C
D
34
What is the primary stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Answer
(B)
Increase in plasma osmolality
35
Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidney?
Answer
(A)
ADH
36
What is the main extracellular fluid cation?
Answer
(A)
Sodium
37
Water and electrolyte balance is regulated by, except:
Answer
(D)
Insulin
38
Which of the following is correct about intracellular water (ICW)?
Answer
(B)
Amount more than ECW
39
Which of the following best describes the role of aldosterone in water balance?
Answer
(B)
Promotes sodium reabsorption and water retention
40
What is the primary mechanism by which water moves between compartments?
Answer
(B)
Osmosis
41
Which of the following is correct about intracellular water (ICW)?
Answer
(B)
Amount more than ECW
42
Which of the following is a function of the kidneys in water balance?
Answer
A
B
D
43
The thirst center is located in the:
Answer
(B)
Hypothalamus
44
Simple dehydration is primarily due to:
Answer
(B)
Loss of pure water
45
Which of the following is involved in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?
Answer
(C)
Angiotensinogen
46
Which of the following hormones inhibits the RAAS?
Answer
(B)
ANP
47
Which of the following is associated with the condition of overhydration?
Answer
A
B
48
What is insensible water loss?
Answer
(C)
Water loss through the skin and lungs
49
Distribution of water between intracellular and extracellular compartments depends on all of the following, except:
Answer
(D)
Surface tension
50
Which of the following is a symptom of dehydration?
Answer
(C)
Oliguria (decreased urine output)