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Essential Biochemistry - Replication%2c Transcription And Translation (Section 2)

1
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Answer
(A)
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
2
Which of the following is involved in protein glycosylation?
Answer
(B)
Attachment of sugar moieties
3
What is the name of the process of synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?
Answer
(C)
Transcription
4
Which of the following is NOT a component of a ribosome?
Answer
(A)
mRNA
5
Which enzyme is primarily involved in the replication of DNA?
Answer
(C)
DNA polymerase
6
Release of a polypeptide chain from a ribosome is catalyzed by:
Answer
(A)
Release factors
7
Which of the following modifications is the addition of a sugar molecule?
Answer
(B)
Glycosylation
8
What type of molecule does a signal sequence direct a protein to?
Answer
(C)
Its appropriate location in the cell
9
In contrast to eukaryotic mRNA, prokaryotic mRNA:
Answer
(C)
Can be polycistronic
10
The mRNA is read continuously from a start codon to a:
Answer
(B)
Termination codon
11
Which elongation factor provides energy for the translocation of the ribosome?
Answer
(C)
eEF-2
12
What is the function of a start codon?
Answer
(B)
To signal the beginning of translation.
13
What enzyme is responsible for transcription?
Answer
(D)
RNA polymerase
14
Which of the following is an example of an initiator tRNA?
Answer
(A)
tRNA-Met
15
Which of the following antibiotics inhibits peptide transferase reaction in prokaryotes?
Answer
(C)
Chloramphenicol
16
A promoter site on DNA:
Answer
(C)
Initiates transcription
17
Which of the following is involved in the binding of mRNA to the ribosome in eukaryotes?
Answer
(B)
5' cap
18
What are the three stages of transcription?
Answer
A
B
D
19
Consensus sequence is:
Answer
(D)
Initiation site of transcription in prokaryotes
20
What is the primary function of the signal sequence?
Answer
(C)
To direct the protein to the correct cellular location
21
Which of the following is NOT a step in eukaryotic mRNA processing?
Answer
(D)
Formation of Okazaki fragments
22
What is the function of RNA primers in DNA replication?
Answer
(B)
To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase.
23
Which of the following describes the leading strand in DNA replication?
Answer
(B)
Synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.
24
What is the role of the 5' cap in mRNA?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
25
What process results in the attachment of a non-protein component to a protein?
Answer
(B)
Addition of a prosthetic group
26
Which of the following modifications is the covalent addition of a phosphate group to a hydroxyl group?
Answer
(C)
Phosphorylation
27
Erythromycin prevents synthesis of polypeptide:
Answer
(B)
By inhibiting translocation reaction
28
What is the primary function of rRNA?
Answer
(B)
To catalyze peptide bond formation
29
Which of the following antibiotics interferes with the peptidyl transferase reaction?
Answer
(C)
Chloramphenicol
30
During elongation, what happens in the A site of the ribosome?
Answer
(B)
The next aminoacyl tRNA binds
31
Which of the following inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis?
Answer
B
D
32
Which type of replication is characteristic of eukaryotes?
Answer
(B)
Eukaryotic replication
33
What are the basic requirements for translation?
Answer
A
B
C
34
Which of the following is NOT a step in translation?
Answer
(D)
Transformation
35
What is the origin of replication?
Answer
(B)
A single, specific site on a particular DNA sequence
36
Which of the following enzymes is primarily responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication?
Answer
(C)
DNA polymerase
37
A codon AUG is a:
Answer
(A)
Chain initiating codon
38
Release of a polypeptide chain from a ribosome is catalyzed by:
Answer
(A)
Release factors
39
Which of the following is involved in protein targeting?
Answer
A
B
40
What is the role of the 5' cap in mRNA?
Answer
(C)
Protection from degradation and ribosome binding
41
Where does initiation of translation occur?
Answer
(B)
In the cytoplasm on ribosomes
42
Which of the following enzyme joins Okazaki fragments?
Answer
(B)
DNA ligase
43
What is the start codon that initiates translation?
Answer
(C)
AUG
44
What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?
Answer
(B)
To unwind the DNA double helix.
45
In which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize a new strand of DNA?
Answer
(B)
5' to 3' direction
46
Which of the following is a function of the ribosome?
Answer
(A)
Catalyzing peptide bond formation
47
Which of the following is the function of peptidyl transferase?
Answer
(B)
To form the peptide bond
48
What molecule provides the energy for translocation?
Answer
(B)
GTP
49
What is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into RNA?
Answer
(C)
Transcription
50
Termination of protein biosynthesis requires presence of:
Answer
(C)
Nonsense codons