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Essential Biochemistry - Replication%2c Transcription And Translation (Section 1)

1
Which of the following processes are post-translational modifications?
Answer
A
B
D
2
Which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
Answer
(C)
tRNA
3
What is the process of translation?
Answer
(C)
The synthesis of protein from an RNA template.
4
Termination of protein biosynthesis requires presence of:
Answer
(C)
Nonsense codons
5
Total number of codons are:
Answer
(A)
64
6
What is a promoter?
Answer
(C)
A sequence of DNA that signals the start of a gene.
7
What is the function of a chaperone protein?
Answer
(C)
To assist in protein folding
8
What is the function of a signal sequence?
Answer
(B)
To direct a protein to its destination
9
Which of the following components is NOT directly involved in protein synthesis?
Answer
(C)
DNA
10
What type of modification does the formyl group belong to in prokaryotes?
Answer
(A)
N-terminal modification
11
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
Answer
(C)
tRNA
12
Which of the following factors facilitates the binding of mRNA to the 43S pre-initiation complex?
Answer
(B)
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
13
What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Answer
(B)
To translate mRNA into protein.
14
Which of the following eukaryotic DNA polymerases is required for mitochondrial DNA synthesis?
Answer
(C)
DNA polymerase γ
15
Which of the following is a characteristic of protein targeting pathways?
Answer
(A)
They involve the signal sequence
16
Which process is responsible for removing the signal sequence?
Answer
(B)
Proteolytic processing
17
Where does translation take place in eukaryotic cells?
Answer
(B)
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
18
Which of the following nucleotide base is not present in codons?
Answer
(C)
Thymine
19
What is the function of a stop codon?
Answer
(D)
To signal the end of translation.
20
Where does translation take place in eukaryotic cells?
Answer
(B)
Cytoplasm
21
Which of the following enzyme joins Okazaki fragments?
Answer
(B)
DNA ligase
22
What type of bond is formed between amino acids in a protein?
Answer
(C)
Peptide bond
23
What is the role of chaperones?
Answer
(A)
Ensure the folding of a protein
24
What are the base pairing rules in DNA?
Answer
(C)
A-T, C-G
25
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for DNA replication?
Answer
(C)
DNA polymerase
26
Formation of Okazaki fragments occur in the process of:
Answer
(C)
Replication
27
Which component is responsible for recognizing the termination signal on mRNA?
Answer
(A)
Release factors
28
Which the following enzyme fill the gap between Okazaki fragments?
Answer
(A)
DNA polymerase
29
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of DNA?
Answer
(C)
Contains uracil base
30
In which process is a polypeptide chain cleaved to remove a signal sequence?
Answer
(B)
Proteolytic Processing
31
In prokaryotes, the first amino acid incorporated into a polypeptide chain is:
Answer
(B)
N-formylmethionine
32
Which of the following statements about translation in eukaryotes is correct?
Answer
(B)
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm
33
Which of the following is an example of post-translational modification?
Answer
B
C
34
Which of the following are involved in translation?
Answer
A
B
C
35
Degeneracy of the genetic code means that:
Answer
(B)
A given amino acid can be coded for by more than one base triplet
36
Which of the following is NOT a post-translational modification?
Answer
(C)
Translation
37
What is the role of the 60S ribosomal subunit?
Answer
(D)
All of the above
38
What is a codon?
Answer
(C)
A three-base sequence in mRNA.
39
Which of the following antibiotics causes premature chain termination in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Answer
(A)
Puromycin
40
Which of the following is a result of phosphorylation?
Answer
(B)
Addition of a phosphate group
41
What is the direction of synthesis of a new polypeptide chain?
Answer
(B)
N-terminus to C-terminus
42
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
Answer
(C)
To bring amino acids to the ribosome.
43
What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?
Answer
(B)
To unwind the DNA double helix.
44
Which of the following modifications is the covalent attachment of a non-protein substance to a protein?
Answer
(B)
Addition of prosthetic group
45
What is the process of removing introns from a pre-mRNA molecule called?
Answer
(C)
Splicing
46
What molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
Answer
(C)
mRNA
47
What are the signals for chain termination, called nonsense or termination codons?
Answer
A
B
C
48
What is transcription?
Answer
(B)
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
49
What is the role of peptidyl transferase in protein synthesis?
Answer
(B)
Peptide bond formation
50
In which of the following processes does the movement of the ribosome shift the dipeptidyl tRNA from the A site to the P site?
Answer
(D)
Translocation